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Polymer-Derived Ceramics and Their Space Applications

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Handbook of Advanced Ceramics and Composites

Abstract

Inorganic and organometallic polymers capable of giving high ceramic residue (more than 50 wt%) on heat treatment in an inert atmosphere are called “preceramic polymers.” As they are polymeric in nature, processing techniques used for conventional polymer processing can be easily adopted. They can be applied as coating, cast into film and drawn into fiber and then converted into corresponding ceramic material. Amorphous materials that are thermally stable to very high temperatures with compositions not obtainable with common synthetic methods can be obtained from preceramic polymers. Kinetic stabilization of less stable phases, adaptability of various fabrication capabilities of polymer process engineering, formation of nanoceramics of desired composition, pressureless sintering, and machinability are the main advantages of obtaining ceramics from polymeric precursors.

Polymer-derived ceramics find applications as oxidation resistant high temperature ceramic materials in the form of fiber, coatings and adhesives, and matrix of ceramic matrix composites for use by aerospace, nuclear, and defense establishments. In addition, they are also being investigated for end-use in biomedical devices, drug delivery systems, water remediation, energy storage devices, microelectronics, and nanosensors.

The present chapter deals with synthesis, characterization, and ceramic conversion of silicon-based preceramic polymers, and ceramics from carbonaceous polymers, and their possible space applications. In view of the voluminous literature, equal emphasis could not be given to many of the developments in the area of preceramic polymers and the discussion is confined to relevant systems which have the scope for space applications.

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Abbreviations

3-APTES:

3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

ABSE:

Amino-bis(silylethane)

AFCOP:

Active Filler Controlled Polymer Pyrolysis

AO:

Atomic Oxygen

APMDEOS:

3-Aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane

BCTS:

Boron-Modified CTS

BLS:

Boundary Layer Splitter

BMG:

Methyl and Glycidoxy Group Containing Poly(borosiloxane)

BMV:

Methyl and Vinyl Group Containing Poly(borosiloxane)

BN:

Boron Nitride

BP:

Poly(phenylborosiloxane)

BPV:

Phenyl and Vinyl Group Containing Poly(borosiloxane)

BSAS:

Barium-Strontium-Aluminosilicate

CMC:

Ceramics Matrix Composite

CNT:

Carbon Nano Tube

CTE:

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

CTS:

1,3,5-Trimethyl-1′,3′,5′-trivinylcyclotrisilazane

CVD:

Chemical Vapor Deposition

CVI:

Chemical Vapor Infiltration

DMDCS:

Dimethyldichlorosilane

DPDCS:

Diphenyldichlorosilane

EBC:

Environmental Barrier Coating

EC:

Eddy Current

FESEM:

Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy

FM:

Fiber to Matrix

GPTMOS:

Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane

HDA:

High Density Ablative

HFH:

Heat Flux History

HRTEM:

High Resolution Transition Electron Microscopy

ILSS:

Interlaminar Shear Strength

IMI:

Internal Multiscreen Insulation

KHS:

Kinetic Heat Simulation

LAM:

Liquid Apogee Motor

LEO:

Low Earth Orbit

LSI:

Liquid Silicon Infiltration

MAS-NMR:

Magic Angle Spinning-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

MAX Phase:

In MAX phase M is an early transition metal, A is an A-group element, and X is either carbon and/or nitrogen

MEMS:

Micro-Electromechanical Systems

MTEOS:

Methyltriethoxysilane

MTMOS:

Methyltrimethoxysilane

MVDCS:

Methylvinyldichlorosilane

MWCNT:

Multi Wall Carbon Nano Tube

NMR:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

PBDPS:

Polyborodiphenylsiloxane

PBS:

Polyborosiloxane

PCS:

Polycarbosilane

PDC:

Polymer-Derived Ceramic

PHPS:

Perhydridopolysilazane

PIP:

Polymer Infiltration and Pyrolysis

PSH:

Polysilahydrocarbon

PTEOS:

Phenyltriethoxysilane

PTMOS:

Phenyltrimethoxysilane

PVD:

Physical Vapor Deposition

RLV-TD:

Reusable Launch Vehicle-Technology Demonstrator

RMI:

Reactive Melt Infiltration

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscopy

SWLE:

Side Wall Leading Edge

TBC:

Thermal Barrier Coating

TEM:

Transmitting Electron Microscopy

TEOS:

Tetraethoxysilane

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

TMOS:

Tetramethoxysilane

TPhBS:

Titanophenylborosiloxane

TPS:

Thermal Protection System

UHTC:

Ultra High Temperature Ceramic

VTEOS:

Vinyltriethoxysilane

VTMEOS:

Vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane

WLE:

Wing Leading Edge

XRD:

X-Ray Diffraction

ZBS:

Zirconoborosiloxane

ZPhBS:

Zirconophenylborosiloxane

ZTBS:

Zirconotitanoborosiloxane

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ceramic Matrix Products Division, Analytical Spectroscopy and Ceramics Group, PCM Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Thiruvananthapuram, India

    S. Packirisamy, K. J. Sreejith, Deepa Devapal & B. Swaminathan

  2. Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India

    S. Packirisamy

  3. Morgan Advanced Materials, Murugappa Mogan Thermal Ceramics Ltd., Ranipet, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India

    B. Swaminathan

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  3. Deepa Devapal
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  4. B. Swaminathan
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    L. M. Manocha

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Packirisamy, S., Sreejith, K.J., Devapal, D., Swaminathan, B. (2020). Polymer-Derived Ceramics and Their Space Applications. In: Mahajan, Y., Roy, J. (eds) Handbook of Advanced Ceramics and Composites. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73255-8_31-2

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    Polymer-Derived Ceramics and Their Space Applications
    Published:
    02 July 2020

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73255-8_31-2

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    Polymer-Derived Ceramics and Their Space Applications
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    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73255-8_31-1

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