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Classification of Spinal Dysraphic Malformations According to Embryogenesis: Gastrulation Defects and Split Cord Malformation

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Textbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery

Abstract

In classifying spinal dysraphic malformations according to their mechanism and timing of embryogenesis, those that arise during the early post-gastrulation phase of dorsal elevation, recognition, and midline fusion of the neural folds are aptly classified as primary neurulation malformation. Clear examples of this group of true dysraphic malformation are open neural tube defect, limited dorsal myeloschisis, dermal sinus tract, and dorsal lipoma. Since primary neurulation underlies the formation of almost the entire spinal neuraxis except below the level of S2, pure primary neurulation malformations involve cord segments above the conus (except for most open neural tube defects, which begin as defects of primary neurulation but, presumably because their chaotic nature, inhibit even the onset of secondary neurulation).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Trust, London, UK

    Dachling Pang

  2. University of California, Davis, CA, USA

    Dachling Pang

  3. Division of Intraoperative Neurophysiology, Regional Centre of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Kaiser Foundation Hospitals of Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA

    Yong Jin Hou

  4. Department of Neurosurgery, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China

    Sui T. Wong

Authors
  1. Dachling Pang
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  2. Yong Jin Hou
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  3. Sui T. Wong
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dachling Pang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany

    Concezio Di Rocco

  2. Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Trust, London, UK

    Dachling Pang

  3. Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada

    James T. Rutka

Section Editor information

  1. Davis; and Kaiser Permanente Hospitals of Northern California, University of California, Oakland, USA

    Dachling Pang

  2. Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Kyu-Chang Wang

  3. Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK

    Dominic Thompson

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Pang, D., Hou, Y.J., Wong, S.T. (2020). Classification of Spinal Dysraphic Malformations According to Embryogenesis: Gastrulation Defects and Split Cord Malformation. In: Di Rocco, C., Pang, D., Rutka, J. (eds) Textbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72168-2_106

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72168-2_106

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