Abstract
We study the computation of approximate pure Nash equilibria in Shapley value (SV) weighted congestion games, introduced in [19]. This class of games considers weighted congestion games in which Shapley values are used as an alternative (to proportional shares) for distributing the total cost of each resource among its users. We focus on the interesting subclass of such games with polynomial resource cost functions and present an algorithm that computes approximate pure Nash equilibria with a polynomial number of strategy updates. Since computing a single strategy update is hard, we apply sampling techniques which allow us to achieve polynomial running time. The algorithm builds on the algorithmic ideas of [7], however, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithmic result on computation of approximate equilibria using other than proportional shares as player costs in this setting. We present a novel relation that approximates the Shapley value of a player by her proportional share and vice versa. As side results, we upper bound the approximate price of anarchy of such games and significantly improve the best known factor for computing approximate pure Nash equilibria in weighted congestion games of [7].
This work was partially supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Centre “On-The-Fly Computing” (SFB 901) and by EPSRC grant EP/L011018/1.
The full version of this paper is available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1710.01634.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Note that in the unweighted case, proportional sharing and Shapley cost sharing coincide.
References
Ackermann, H., Röglin, H., Vöcking, B.: On the impact of combinatorial structure on congestion games. J. ACM 55(6), 25:1–25:22 (2008)
Ackermann, H., Skopalik, A.: Complexity of pure Nash equilibria in player-specific network congestion games. Internet Math. 5(4), 323–342 (2008)
Aland, S., Dumrauf, D., Gairing, M., Monien, B., Schoppmann, F.: Exact price of anarchy for polynomial congestion games. In: Durand, B., Thomas, W. (eds.) STACS 2006. LNCS, vol. 3884, pp. 218–229. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11672142_17
Aziz, H., de Keijzer, B.: Shapley meets shapley. In: Mayr, E.W., Portier, N. (eds.) 31st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2014), STACS 2014, 5–8 March 2014, Lyon, France. LIPIcs, vol. 25, pp. 99–111. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik (2014)
Bachrach, Y., Markakis, E., Resnick, E., Procaccia, A.D., Rosenschein, J.S., Saberi, A.: Approximating power indices: theoretical and empirical analysis. Auton. Agent. Multi-Agent Syst. 20(2), 105–122 (2010)
Caragiannis, I., Fanelli, A., Gravin, N., Skopalik, A.: Efficient computation of approximate pure Nash equilibria in congestion games. In: Ostrovsky, R. (ed.) IEEE 52nd Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, FOCS 2011, Palm Springs, CA, USA, 22–25 October 2011, pp. 532–541. IEEE Computer Society (2011)
Caragiannis, I., Fanelli, A., Gravin, N., Skopalik, A.: Approximate pure Nash equilibria in weighted congestion games: existence, efficient computation, and structure. ACM Trans. Econ. Comput. 3(1), 2:1–2:32 (2015)
Chien, S., Sinclair, A.: Convergence to approximate Nash equilibria in congestion games. Games Econ. Behav. 71(2), 315–327 (2011)
Fabrikant, A., Papadimitriou, C.H., Talwar, K.: The complexity of pure Nash equilibria. In: Babai, L. (ed.) Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, Chicago, IL, USA, 13–16 June 2004, pp. 604–612. ACM (2004)
Fotakis, D., Kontogiannis, S.C., Spirakis, P.G.: Selfish unsplittable flows. Theor. Comput. Sci. 348(2–3), 226–239 (2005)
Gairing, M., Kollias, K., Kotsialou, G.: Tight bounds for cost-sharing in weighted congestion games. In: Halldórsson, M.M., Iwama, K., Kobayashi, N., Speckmann, B. (eds.) ICALP 2015. LNCS, vol. 9135, pp. 626–637. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47666-6_50
Gairing, M., Schoppmann, F.: Total latency in singleton congestion games. In: Deng, X., Graham, F.C. (eds.) WINE 2007. LNCS, vol. 4858, pp. 381–387. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77105-0_42
Gkatzelis, V., Kollias, K., Roughgarden, T.: Optimal cost-sharing in weighted congestion games. In: Liu, T.-Y., Qi, Q., Ye, Y. (eds.) WINE 2014. LNCS, vol. 8877, pp. 72–88. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13129-0_6
Gopalakrishnan, R., Marden, J.R., Wierman, A.: Potential games are necessary to ensure pure Nash equilibria in cost sharing games. Math. Oper. Res. 39(4), 1252–1296 (2014)
Hansknecht, C., Klimm, M., Skopalik, A.: Approximate pure Nash equilibria in weighted congestion games. In: Jansen, K., Rolim, J.D.P., Devanur, N.R., Moore, C. (eds.) Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques, APPROX/RANDOM 2014, 4–6 September 2014, Barcelona, Spain. LIPIcs, vol. 28, pp. 242–257. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik (2014)
Harks, T., Klimm, M.: On the existence of pure Nash equilibria in weighted congestion games. Math. Oper. Res. 37(3), 419–436 (2012)
Hart, S., Mas-Colell, A.: Potential, value, and consistency. Econometrica 57(3), 589–614 (1989)
Klimm, M., Schmand, D.: Sharing non-anonymous costs of multiple resources optimally. In: Paschos, V.T., Widmayer, P. (eds.) CIAC 2015. LNCS, vol. 9079, pp. 274–287. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18173-8_20
Kollias, K., Roughgarden, T.: Restoring pure equilibria to weighted congestion games. ACM Trans. Econ. Comput. 3(4), 1–24 (2015)
Koutsoupias, E., Papadimitriou, C.: Worst-case equilibria. In: Meinel, C., Tison, S. (eds.) STACS 1999. LNCS, vol. 1563, pp. 404–413. Springer, Heidelberg (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49116-3_38
Liben-Nowell, D., Sharp, A., Wexler, T., Woods, K.: Computing shapley value in supermodular coalitional games. In: Gudmundsson, J., Mestre, J., Viglas, T. (eds.) COCOON 2012. LNCS, vol. 7434, pp. 568–579. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32241-9_48
Maleki, S.: Addressing the computational issues of the Shapley value with applications in the smart grid. Ph.D. thesis, University of Southampton (2015)
Mann, I., Shapley, L.S.: Values of large games, 6: evaluating the electoral college exactly. Technical report, DTIC Document (1962)
Milchtaich, I.: Congestion games with player-specific payoff functions. Games Econ. Behav. 13(1), 111–124 (1996)
Monderer, D., Shapley, L.S.: Potential games. Games Econ. Behav. 14(1), 124–143 (1996)
Rosenthal, R.W.: A class of games possessing pure-strategy Nash equilibria. Int. J. Game Theory 2(1), 65–67 (1973)
Roughgarden, T., Schrijvers, O.: Network Cost-Sharing without Anonymity. ACM Trans. Econ. Comput. 4(2), 8:1–8:24 (2016)
Skopalik, A., Vöcking, B.: Inapproximability of pure Nash equilibria. In: Dwork, C. (ed.) Proceedings of the 40th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 17–20 May 2008, pp. 355–364. ACM (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Feldotto, M., Gairing, M., Kotsialou, G., Skopalik, A. (2017). Computing Approximate Pure Nash Equilibria in Shapley Value Weighted Congestion Games. In: R. Devanur, N., Lu, P. (eds) Web and Internet Economics. WINE 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10660. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71924-5_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71924-5_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71923-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71924-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)