Impact of Climate Change on Health: Evidence from Multi-stakeholders in the Western Region of Cameroon

Abstract

The literature has shown evidence of human’s vulnerability to climate change with the significant and emerging threat. The balance of effects on health is negative, and populations in low-income countries are more vulnerable to the adverse effects which raise the need for more attention and effective interventions. This chapter aims to assess the potential health problems induced by climate variabilities such as heat stress, air pollution, waterborne disease, and vector-borne disease on the health of inhabitants in the locality of Bafoussam in the western region of Cameroon. It also highlights the multiple health problems as well as challenges and opportunities in the face of increasing climate variability in that region. For this purpose, the author undertakes a stakeholder’s interview (n = 235) coupled with the author’s observation. The author interviewed farmers (n = 50), households (n = 60), office workers (n = 60), and street sellers (n = 65) with questions focused on identifying different health problems caused by the changing climate. The interviews also sought to explore interviewees’ interpretation of climate change impact and awareness. Data were analyzed using SurveyMonkey and Excel data sheet and then presented analytically. Results reveal that climate change-related health problems are increasing in western Cameroon. All participants (100%) have agreed to have perceived a change in their health which is related to climate change. More than 90% (96%) reported that extreme heat and air pollution-related pulmonary diseases had increased mortality and morbidity in the region. Moreover, this paper presents that climate change has intensified harmful interactions between vector-borne and waterborne diseases. To manage that threat, implementation of city’s risk management plans for climate change will potentially provide health benefits to inhabitants as well as the adoption of specific proactive measure through the establishment of local early warning system for health effect of climate change.