Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a complex ecosystem of devices, solutions, services and applications. IoT is highly heterogeneous because devices focus on proprietary technology and interfaces. To realize its full value, interoperability of ‘things’ becomes an important component of the ecosystem, which must be satisfactorily achieved. At present, however, it is impossible to manage individually a vast amount of different IoT devices and their application programming interfaces (APIs). Interoperability is therefore one of the main problems of the IoT paradigm. Much of the existing IoT interoperability research elaborates on techniques and methods to achieve interoperability. Multiple IoT standards exist today and new ones are being created. Different IoT standards compete; and a generally globally accepted standard does not currently exist. There are, in fact, many unsolved interoperability issues occurring at different levels, including data, service, network and application. This chapter focuses on service-level IoT interoperability problems and solutions. It reviews the use case of possible interoperability resolutions. The chapter also identifies future research problems related to IoT service-level interoperability .
References
IEEE (1991) IEEE Standard computer dictionary: a compilation of IEEE standard computer glossaries. New York
Brownsword LL, Carney DJ, Fisher D, et al (2004) Current perspectives on interoperability, pp 1–51
Pokraev S, Quartel D, Steen MWA, Reichert M (2007) Semantic service modeling: enabling system interoperability. In: Doumeingts G, Müller J, Morel G, Vallespir B (eds) Enterprise Interoperability. Springer, London, pp 221–230
Vernadat F (1996) Enterprise modeling and integration: principles and applications. Chapman & Hall, London/New York
Park J, Ram S (2004) Information systems interoperability. ACM Trans Inf Syst 22:595–632. https://doi.org/10.1145/1028099.1028103
Loutas N, Kamateri E, Tarabanis K, D’Andria F (2011) D 1.2 Cloud4SOA cloud semantic interoperability framework
Naudet Y, Latour T, Guedria W, Chen D (2010) Towards a systemic formalisation of interoperability. Comput Ind 61:176–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2009.10.014
Kominers P (2012) Interoperability case study: internet of things (IoT), p 19
Soldatos J, Kefalakis N, Hauswirth M et al (2015) OpenIoT: open source internet-of-things in the cloud. In: Podnar Žarko I, Pripužić K, Serrano M (eds) Interoperability open-source solution internet things. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 13–25
De S, Carrez F, Reetz E et al (2013) Test-enabled architecture for IoT service creation and provisioning. In: Galis A, Gavras A (eds) Future internet. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 233–245
Gusmeroli S, Piccione S, Rotondi D (2012) IoT@Work automation middleware system design and architecture. In: 2012 IEEE 17th conference emerging technology and factory automation ETFA. IEEE, Krakow, pp 1–8
Apolinarski W, Iqbal U, Parreira JX (2014) The GAMBAS middleware and SDK for smart city applications. In: 2014 IEEE international conference pervasive computing and communcations workshop PERCOM Workshop. IEEE, Budapest, Hungary, pp 117–122
Ziegler S, Crettaz C, Ladid L et al (2013) IoT6 – moving to an IPv6-based future IoT. In: Galis A, Gavras A (eds) Future internet. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 161–172
Verdouw CN, Sundmaeker H, Meyer F et al (2013) Smart agri-food logistics: requirements for the future internet. In: Kreowski H-J, Scholz-Reiter B, Thoben K-D (eds) Dynamics in logistics. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 247–257
Bröring A, Schmid S, Schindhelm C-K, et al Enabling IoT ecosystems through platform interoperability. http://www.arne-broering.de/BIG%20IoT%20-%20Vision.pdf. Accessed 19 Jan 2017
Ganzha M, Paprzycki M, Pawlowski W, et al (2016) Semantic technologies for the IoT – an inter-IoT perspective. In: 2016 IEEE first international conference internet--things design. implement IoTDI. IEEE, Berlin, Germany, pp 271–276
Hovstø A, Oravec V, Samovich N, et al (2016) Deliverable D1.1 requirements capture framework, pp 1–61
Lanza J, Sanchez L, Gomez D et al (2016) A proof-of-concept for semantically interoperable federation of IoT experimentation facilities. Sensors 16:1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16071006
Soursos S, Zarko IP, Zwickl P, et al (2016) Towards the cross-domain interoperability of IoT platforms. In: 2016 European conference networks and communcations EuCNC. IEEE, Athens, Greece, pp 398–402
Sheth AP, Kashyap V (1993) So far (Schematically) yet so near (Semantically). In: Proceedings IFIP WG 26 database semantics conference on interoper database system North-Holland Publishing Co., pp 283–312
Parent C, Spaccapietra S (2000) Database integration: the key to data interoperability. In: Advances object-oriented data model. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 221–253
Haslhofer B, Klas W (2010) A survey of techniques for achieving metadata interoperability. ACM Comput Surv 42:1–37. https://doi.org/10.1145/1667062.1667064
Nagarajan M, Verma K, Sheth AP, Miller JA (2007) Ontology driven data mediation in web services. Int J Web Serv Res 4:104–126. https://doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2007100105
Ponnekanti SR, Fox A (2004) Interoperability among independently evolving web services. In: Middle-ware 04 proceedings 5th ACMIFIPUSENIX international conference on middleware, Springer, Toronto, Canada, pp 331–351
Serrano M, Barnaghi P, Carrez F, et al (2015) IoT semantic interoperability: research challenges, best practices, recommendations and next steps. IERC
Postscapes (2017) Internet of things toolkit. In: Internet things toolkit – stand. initiat. http://postscapes2.webhook.org/internet-of-things-resources/#technical. Accessed 23 Jan 2017
Martin D, Burstein M, Hobbs J, et al (2004) OWL-S: semantic markup for web services
Roman D, Lausen H, Keller U, et al (2007) D2v1.4. Web service modeling ontology (WSMO). 29 June 2013
Fensel D, Kopecky J, Komazec S (2010) Light-weight annotations
Pedrinaci C (2009) Lightweight semantic annotations for services on the web
Vitvar T, Kopecky J, Viskova J, et al (2009) Chapter 5 semantic web services architecture with lightweight descriptions of services. In: Advanced computing. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 177–224
Gomes P, Cavalcante E, Rodrigues T et al (2015) A federated discovery service for the internet of things. In: Proceedings 2Nd workshop middleware context-aware application IoT. ACM, New York, pp 25–30
Nambi SNAU, Sarkar C, Prasad RV, Rahim A (2014) A unified semantic knowledge base for IoT. In: 2014 IEEE world forum internet things WF-IoT. IEEE. Seoul, pp 575–580
Spalazzi L, Taccari G, Bernardini A (2014) An internet of things ontology for earthquake emergency evaluation and response. IEEE, pp 528–534
Androcec D, Vrcek N (2016) Thing as a service interoperability: review and framework proposal. IEEE, pp 309–316
Qu C, Liu F, Tao M, Deng D (2016) An OWL-S based specification model of dynamic entity services for Internet of Things. J AMBIENT Intelligence Humaniz Comput 7:73–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-015-0302-y
Hur K, Jin X, Lee KH (2015) Automated deployment of IoT services based on semantic description. In: Internet things WF-IoT 2015 IEEE 2nd world forum on, pp 40–45
Fattah SMM, Kim HS, Chong I (2016) Design of composite virtual objects for service entity creation in WoO based IoT environment. In: 2016 International conference on information networking. ICOIN, pp 372–374
Soldatos J, Kefalakis N (2014) Design principles for utility-driven services and cloud-based computing modelling for the internet of things. Int J WEB GRID Serv 10:139–167. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWGS.2014.060254
Akasiadis C, Tzortzis G, Spyrou E, Spyropoulos C (2015) Developing complex services in an IoT ecosystem. In: Internet things WF-IoT 2015 IEEE 2nd world forum on, pp 52–56
Sezer OB, Can SZ, Dogdu E (2015) Development of a smart home ontology and the implementation of a semantic sensor network simulator: an internet of things approach. In: International conference on collaboration technologies and systems. CTS 2015, pp 12–18
Li H, Seed D, Flynn B, et al (2016) Enabling semantics in an M2M/IoT service delivery platform. In: 2016 IEEE Tenth International conference semantic computing ICSC, pp 206–213
Thoma M, Braun T, Magerkurth C (2014) Enterprise integration of smart objects using semantic service descriptions. In: 2014 IEEE wireless communcation and network conference WCNC, pp 3426–3431
Jia B, Liu S, Yang Y (2014) Fractal cross-layer service with integration and interaction in internet of things. Int J Distrib Sens Netw 10(3):760248. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/760248
Conzon D, Brizzi P, Kasinathan P, et al (2015) Industrial application development exploiting IoT vision and model driven programming. In: 2015 18th International conference on Intelligence in next generation networks. ICIN, pp 168–175
Ryu M, Kim J, Yun J (2015) Integrated semantics service platform for the internet of things: a case study of a smart office. Sensors 15:2137–2160. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150102137
Qu C, Liu F, Tao M (2015) Ontologies for the transactions on IoT. Int J Distrib Sens Netw. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/934541
Kim Y, Lee S, Chong I (2014) Orchestration in distributed web-of-objects for creation of user-centered IoT service capability. Wirel Pers Commun 78:1965–1980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-2056-9
Kovatsch M, Hassan YN, Mayer S (2015) Practical semantics for the Internet of Things: Physical states, device mashups, and open questions. In: 2015 5th International conference on the internet of things (IOT), pp 54–61
Hasemann H, Kroller A, Pagel M (2012) RDF provisioning for the Internet of Things. In: 3rd IEEE International conference on the internet of things (IOT), pp 143–150
Vecchio M, Sasidharan S, Marcelloni F, Giaffreda R (2013) Reconfiguration of environmental data compression parameters through cognitive IoT technologies. In: 2013 IEEE 9th International conference wireless mobile computing networking and communication WiMob, pp 141–146
Chun S, Seo S, Oh B, Lee KH (2015) Semantic description, discovery and integration for the internet of things. In: IEEE International conference on semantic computing (ICSC), pp 272–275
Desai P, Sheth A, Anantharam P (2015) Semantic gateway as a service architecture for IoT interoperability. In: 2015 IEEE International conference mobile services. IEEE, New York, pp 313–319
Kiljander J, D’elia A, Morandi F et al (2014) Semantic interoperability architecture for pervasive computing and internet of things. IEEE Access 2:856–873. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2014.2347992
Wang X, An H, Xu Y, Wang S (2015) Sensing network element ontology description model for internet of things. In: 2015 2nd International conference on information science control engineering. ICISCE. IEEE, Shanghai, pp 471–475
den Hartog F, Daniele L, Roes J (2015) Toward semantic interoperability of energy using and producing appliances in residential environments. In: 2015 12th Annu. IEEE consumer communcatons network conference CCNC, pp 170–175
Ara SS, Shamszaman ZU, Chong I (2014) Web-of-objects based user-centric semantic service composition methodology in the internet of things. Int J Distrib Sens Netw. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/482873
Noy NF, McGuinness DL (2001) Ontology development 101: a guide to creating your first ontology
Compton M, Barnaghi P, Bermudez L et al (2012) The SSN ontology of the W3C semantic sensor network incubator group. Web Semant Sci Serv Agents World Wide Web 17:25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2012.05.003
Poveda-Villalón M, Suárez-Figueroa MC, Gomez-Perez, Asuncion A (2012) Validating ontologies with OOPS! In: EKAW12 Proceedings 18th international conference on knowledge engineering. knowledge managagement. Springer, Galway, pp 267–281
OWAPS (2016) IoT security guidance. In: IoT security guidelines. https://www.owasp.org/index.php/IoT_Security_Guidance. Accessed 30 Jan 2017
Lanthaler M, Gütl C (2012) On using JSON-LD to create evolvable RESTful services. ACM, New York, p 25
Aberer K, Hauswirth M, Salehi A (2006) The global sensor networks middleware for efficient and flexible deployment and interconnection of sensor networks. Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne
Acknowledgement
This chapter has been fully supported by the Croatian Science Foundation under the project IP-2014-09-3877.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Andročec, D. (2017). Overcoming Service-Level Interoperability Challenges of the IoT. In: Mahmood, Z. (eds) Connected Environments for the Internet of Things. Computer Communications and Networks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70102-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70102-8_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70101-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70102-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)