Alginate-Based Nanosorbents for Water Remediation

Abstract

The present chapter highlights the major concepts of the extraction, preparation, properties, and applications of brown algal mass. In recent years, brown marine weeds have been investigated as the most effective and promising substrates in water treatments. Thus, being motivated by the massive applications of algal masses, the authors have selected the alginate biopolymer as biosorbent and discussed its potential role in biosorption studies. Herein, we have described the nanocomposites of the seaweed alginate and its derivatives in water remediation. The sorption behavior of alginate and derivatives with various toxic heavy metals as well as radioactive elements is summarized, and their relative performance has been examined. The innovation in creation of synthetic derivatives has the potential to empower the next generation of applications for alginates. Further, the global market reports have emphasized on the upcoming continuous research innovation of marine brown seaweed in wastewater treatments in particularly the Asia-Pacific region.

Annexure-I

1.1 Legends to Tables

S. No.	Title
Table 1	The MCL standards and toxic effects of most hazardous heavy metals [4]
Table 2	The advantages and disadvantages of various physicochemical methods

1.2 Legends to Figures

S. No.	Title
Figure 1	Showing pictorial presentation of (a) Natural form of alginate and its molecular structure (b) Monomeric unit of β-d-mannuronate and α-l-glucuronate (c) Egg box model, cross-linking structure of alginate with metal ion (d) Polymeric chain of MM, GG, and MG type found in alginate
Figure 2	The extraction procedure of sodium alginate from brown algae
Figure 3	Proposed mechanistic pathway for synthesis of alginate-based copolymer [49]
Figure 4	Characteristics of alginate/Fe3O4 composite in strontium (Sr) removal from sea water
Figure 5	SEM images of alginate microbeads (a, b) in 50x and 400x magnification and alginate microsphere (c, d) in (SEM, Sirion, FEI, 5 kV) [53, 54]
Figure 6	The global alginate and derivatives market by type and application