Abstract
Workers in the food industries are at high risk to develop occupational hand dermatitis.
Main risk factors for the development of OHD are high loads of wet work, exposure to irritants, and atopic skin diathesis.
First-line prevention strategies are based on collective protective methods like technical-organizational hazard control.
Additional strategies include changing the environment by substitution of wet work, for example, and encouraging changes in workers’ behavior such as reduction of frequency of handwashing.
If collective measures cannot be put into action, individual protective measures, for example, protective clothing with particular attention to gloves, protective creams before work and adequate cleaning of the skin during work, and skin care during and after work, are recommended.
Uptake and maintenance of skin care and protection measures can be substantially influenced by educational approaches in primary and secondary prevention.
For the food industry, only a limited number of studies in primary and secondary prevention of hand dermatitis are available.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bauer A, Bartsch R, Stadeler M et al (1998) Development of occupational skin diseases during vocational training in baker and confectioner apprentices: a follow-up study. Contact Dermatitis 39:307–311
Bauer A, Bartsch R, Hersmann C et al (2001a) Occupational hand dermatitis in food industry apprentices: results of a 3-year follow-up cohort-study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 74:437–442
Bauer A, Kelterer D, Stadeler M et al (2001b) The prevention of occupational hand dermatitis in bakers, confectioners and employees in the catering trades. Preliminary results of a skin prevention program. Contact Dermatitis 44:85–88
Bauer A, Geier J, Elsner P (2002a) Type IV allergy in the food processing industry: sensitization profiles in bakers, cooks and butchers. Contact Dermatitis 46:228–235
Bauer A, Kelterer D, Bartsch R et al (2002b) Skin protection in bakers’ apprentices. Contact Dermatitis 46:81–86
Bauer A, Kelterer D, Bartsch R et al (2002c) Prevention of hand dermatitis in bakers’ apprentices: different efficacy of skin protection measures and UVB hardening. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 75:491–499
Bauer A, Schmitt J, Bennett C et al (2010) Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004414. pub2, Issue 6, Art. No: CD004414
Bauer A, Geier J, Mahler V, Uter W (2015) Contact allergies in the German workforce : data of the IVDK network from 2003–2013. Hautarzt 66(9):652–664
Brisman J, Meding B, Järrvholm B (1998) Occurrence of self reported hand eczema in Swedish bakers. Occup Environ Med 55:750–754
Buraczewska I, Berne B, Lindberg M et al (2007) Changes in skin barrier function following long-term treatment with moisturizers, a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 156(3):492–498
Coenraads PJ, Diepgen TL (2003) Problems with trials and intervention studies on barrier creams and emollients at the workplace. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 76(5):362–366
De Paepe K, Derde MP, Roseeuw D et al (2000) Claim substantiation and efficiency of hydrating body lotions and protective creams. Contact Dermatitis 42:227–234
Dickel H, Kuss O, Schmidt A et al (2002) Importance of irritant contact dermatitis in occupational skin disease. Am J Clin Dermatol 3(4):283–289
Dickel H, Bruckner TM, Schmidt A et al (2003) Impact of atopic skin diathesis on occupational skin disease incidence in a working population. J Invest Dermatol 121(1):37–40
Flyvholm MA, Mygind K, Sell L et al (2005) A randomised controlled intervention study on prevention of work related skin problems among gut cleaners in swine slaughterhouses. Occup Environ Med 62(9):642–649
Gebhardt M, Wollina U, Stadeler M et al (1997) Zur Bedeutung der Kontaktekzeme im Bäckerhandwerk - Eine Auswertung von Daten des IVDK. Arbeitsmed Sozialmed Umweltmed 32:431–434
Halkier-Sorensen L, Thestrup-Pedersen K (1993) The efficacy of a moisturizer (Locobase) among cleaners and kitchen assistants during everyday exposure to water and detergents. Contact Dermatitis 29:266–271
Hannuksela M (1996) Moisturizers in the prevention of contact dermatitis. Curr Probl Dermatol 25:214–220.
Held E, Sveinsdottir S, Agner T (1999) Effect of long-term use of moisturizer on skin hydration, barrier function and susceptibility to irritants. Acta Derm Vernereol (Stockh) 79:49–51.
Held E, Lund H, Agner T (2001) Effect of different moisturizers on SLS- irritated human skin. Contact Dermatitis 44(4):229–234
Held E, Mygind K, Wolff C et al (2002) Prevention of work related skin problems: an intervention study in wet work employees. Occup Environ Med 59(8):556–561
Holness DL (2013) Recent advances in occupational dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 13(2):145–150
Kaatz M, Ladermann R, Stadeler M et al (2008) Recruitment strategies for a hand dermatitis prevention programme in the food industry. Contact Dermatitis 59(3):165–170
Kutting B, Drexler H (2003) Effectiveness of skin protection creams as a preventive measure in occupational dermatitis: a critical update according to criteria of evidence-based medicine. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 76(4):253–259.
Loden M (1997) Barrier recovery and influence of irritant stimuli in skin treated with a moisturizing cream. Contact Dermatitis 36:256–260
Loden M (2005) The clinical benefit of moisturizers. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 19(6):672–688
Loden M, Andersson AC, Lindberg M (1999) Improvement in skin barrier function in patients with atopic dermatitis after treatment with a moisturizing cream (Canoderm®). Br J Dermatol 140:264–267
Löffler H, Bruckner T, Diepgen T et al (2006) Primary prevention in health care employees: a prospective intervention study with a 3-year training period. Contact Dermatitis 54(4):202–209
Meding B, Wrangsjö K, Brisman J et al (2003) Hand eczema in 45 bakers – a clinical study. Contact Dermatitis 48(1):7–11
Pesonen M, Jolanki R, Larese Filon F, Wilkinson M, Kręcisz B, Kieć-Świerczyńska M, Bauer A, Mahler V, John SM, Schnuch A, Uter W (2015) ESSCA network. Patch test results of the European baseline series among patients with occupational contact dermatitis across Europe - analyses of the European surveillance system on contact allergy network, 2002–2010. Contact Dermatitis 72(3):154–163
Ramsing DW, Agner T (1996a) Effect of glove occlusion on human skin (I). Short-term experimental exposure. Contact Dermatitis 34:1–5
Ramsing DW, Agner T (1996b) Effect of glove occlusion on human skin (II). Long-term experimental exposure. Contact Dermatitis 34:258–262
Ramsing DW, Agner T (1997) Preventive and therapeutic effects of a moisturizer. An experimental study in human skin. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 77:335–337
Rose RF, Lyons P, Horne H et al (2009) A review of the materials and allergens in protective gloves. Contact Dermatitis 61(3):129–137
Schliemann S, Petri M, Elsner P (2014) Preventing irritant contact dermatitis with protective creams: influence of the application dose. Contact Dermatitis 70(1):19–26
Schwensen JF, Friis UF, Menné T, Johansen JD (2013 May) One thousand cases of severe occupational contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 68(5):259–268
Sell L, Flyvholm MA, Lindhard G et al (2005) Implementation of an occupational skin disease prevention programme in Danish cheese dairies. Contact Dermatitis 53(3):155–161
Soder S, Diepgen TL, Radulescu M (2007) Occupational skin diseases in cleaning and kitchen employees: course and quality of life after measures of secondary individual prevention. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 5(8):670–676
Stadeler M, Kelterer D, Bauer A et al (2003) Präventionsprojekt bei berufsbedingten Hauterkrankungen im Back-, Hotel- und Gaststättengewerbe. Allergologie 26:403–412
Tacke J, Schmidt A, Fartasch M et al (1995) Occupational contact dermatitis in bakers, confectioners and cooks. Contact Dermatitis 33:112–117
Uter W, Pfahlberg A, Gefeller O et al (1999) Hand dermatitis in a prospectively-followed cohort of hairdressing apprentices: final results of the POSH study. Contact Dermatitis 41:280–286
Uter W, Geier J, Lessmann H et al (2005) Inhaltsstoffe von Hautschutz- und Pflegemitteln aus allergologischer Sicht. Analyse von IVDK-Daten und Literaturübersicht. Dermatol Beruf Umwelt 53:172–182
Wagner E (2008) Gefährdung durch Hautkontakt – Die neue TRGS 401. In: Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV), Landesverband Nordost (Hrsg) Tagungsbericht VII. Potsdamer BK-Tage 13. und 14. Juni 2008, S103–S108
Warburton KL, Bauer A, Chowdhury MM, Cooper S, Kręcisz B, Chomiczewska-Skóra D, Kieć-Świerczyńska M, Filon FL6, Mahler V, Sánchez-Pérez J, Schnuch A, Uter W, Wilkinson M (2015) ESSCA results with the baseline series, 2009–2012: rubber allergens. Contact Dermatitis 73(5):305–312
Wigger-Alberti W, Elsner P (1998) Do barrier creams and gloves prevent or provoke contact dermatitis? Am J Contact Dermat 9:100–106
Wrangsjö K, Osterman K, van Hage-Hamsten M (1994) Glove-related skin symptoms among operating theatre and dental care unit personnel. (I). Interview investigation. Contact Dermatitis 30:102–107
Yokota M, Maibach HI (2006) Moisturizer effect on irritant dermatitis: an overview. Contact Dermatitis 55(2):65–72
Zachariae C, Held E, Johansen JD et al (2003) Effect of a moisturizer on skin susceptibility to NiCl2. Acta Derm Venereol 83(2):93–97
Zhai H, Maibach HI (2010) Anti-irritant agent efficacy: overview. Dermatol Beruf Umwelt 58:3–12
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Bauer, A. (2020). Prevention in Food Workers. In: John, S., Johansen, J., Rustemeyer, T., Elsner, P., Maibach, H. (eds) Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_110
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_110
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68615-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68617-2
eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine