Abstract
New forms of volunteering in events of emergencies and crisis are connected to the political goal of resilience within a growing number of applied research projects. This chapter offers an analysis of how factors such as long-term national research strategies, funding programmes supporting user- and market-driven applied research, expectations of a testable innovation, events such as the European 2013 flooding in Germany, citizens’ engagement and new social media work together in the formation of new approaches to volunteering within emergency and crisis response systems. By defining the population as being potentially active and engaged, these new forms of volunteer involvement aim to move beyond self-help in order to increase societal resilience. This chapter does also illustrate how resilience is operationalised within corresponding applied research projects in Germany. In order to do so, we will present the results of a full-scale scenario-based emergency exercise carried out as part of one of these projects. A comprehensive mapping of the research landscape is outside the scope of this chapter. However, we aim to address how a variety of factors are making up complex relations rather than linear and decisive patterns towards a predefined goal; the way the goal—the project outcome—is reached and the shape the innovation takes may be seen as an assemblage of structural, societal, environmental and technical conditions.
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Notes
- 1.
In this chapter “honorary volunteers” and volunteering refers to what is termed “Ehrenamt” in the German context. It refers to an unpaid service carried out on behalf of an organisation or public institution.
- 2.
That is what in the German context is termed “Hauptamtliche”.
- 3.
A historical account of the honorary volunteering is outside the scope of this chapter, but as shown by Hacket and Mutz (2002), citizens’ decreasing willingness to help had also been raised in a decade earlier.
- 4.
- 5.
Within the project RESIBES several individual as well as group interviews were conducted in 2016. All interviewees were volunteering in the context of the refugee crisis.
- 6.
Katrin Balder and Marina Lessig participated in the panel discussions on Jan. 24. 2017, at the workshop, „“Eisatzkräfte und Spontanhelfer: Gemeinsam und auf Augenhöhe?!”, organised by the project PRAKOS—Praktiken und Kommunikation zur aktiven Schadensbewältigung (Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel and Universität der Bundeswehr München) in Munich.
- 7.
The framework programme “Research for civil security” is part of the German “High Tech Strategy” that aims to streamline all policies affecting research and innovation in order to position Germany as global leaders in future markets.
- 8.
- 9.
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- 11.
- 12.
- 13.
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- 16.
- 17.
It should be taken into account that the final use and implementation of the ENSURE app remain uncertain, since the project ended in December 2016 and the funding within the research program did not aim at the development of marketable products.
- 18.
Location-based services are not the same as GPS location, but they have a similar function so that the owner of the smartphone can be located within the range of 1 km.
- 19.
The task was “forwarding information”. One trained and one untrained person did not manage to share all relevant information so that the message they had to forward was incomplete.
- 20.
Furthermore, the two projects K3 and PRAKOS added the topic integration of volunteers to their initial research tasks. It should also be mentioned that numerous research projects in Germany are currently following a similar approach without being funded by the BMBF. Finally, a growing international research on volunteering in the context of emergency services is emerging but is outside of the scope of this chapter.
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Hälterlein, J., Madsen, L., Schuchardt, A., Peperhove, R., Gerhold, L. (2018). Integrating Volunteers in Emergency Response: A Strategy for Increased Resilience Within German Civil Security Research. In: Fekete, A., Fiedrich, F. (eds) Urban Disaster Resilience and Security. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68606-6_8
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