Abstract
This chapter in Clinical Neuroradiology reports on imaging findings and radiology protocols of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, i.e., dermatomyositis, polymyositis, necrotizing myopathy, and inclusion body myositis. The clinician is provided the tools to perform routine imaging studies with enough knowledge on the background of the various manifestations of myositis. The clinical and epidemiological features, histopathology, and pathophysiology of the different disorders are presented in a concise manner. With the focus on magnetic resonance imaging, we describe the most important indications for neuromuscular imaging in these disorders for diagnostic and disease/treatment monitoring purposes. The patterns of muscle affliction of the different disorders, the extent and severity of the disease, and the qualification and quantification of muscle abnormalities such as fatty infiltration, edema, or inflammation are addressed. The different imaging techniques that can be used to assess muscle involvement are described, and advice for further reading is provided.
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References
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Further Reading/Websites
Baudin P, Marty B, Robert B, Shukelovitch A, Carlier R, Azzabou N, et al. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of skeletal muscle fatty degenerative changes using whole-body Dixon nuclear magnetic resonance imaging for an important reduction of the acquisition time. Neuromuscul Disord. 2015;25(10):758–63.
Burakiewicz J, Sinclair C, Fischer D, Walter G, Kan H, Hollingsworth K. Quantifying fat replacement of muscle by quantitative MRI in muscular dystrophy. J Neurol. 2017;264(10):2053–67.
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Fujino H, Kobayashi T, Goto I, Onitsuka H. Magnetic resonance imaging of the muscles in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Muscle Nerve. 1991;14(8):716–20.
Hollingsworth K, de Sousa P, Straub V, Carlier P. Towards harmonization of protocols for MRI outcome measures in skeletal muscle studies: consensus recommendations from two TREAT-NMD NMR workshops, 2 May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden, 1–2 October 2009, Paris, France. Neuromuscul Disord. 2012;22:S54–67.
Huang Z, Gao B, Chen H, Yang M, Chen X, Yan R, et al. An efficacy analysis of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and follow-up of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. PLoS One. 2017;12(7):e0181069.
Pinal-Fernandez I, Casal-Dominguez M, Carrino J, Lahouti A, Basharat P, Albayda J, et al. Thigh muscle MRI in immune-mediated necrotising myopathy: extensive oedema, early muscle damage and role of anti-SRP autoantibodies as a marker of severity. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;76(4):681–7.
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Badrising, U.A., Kan, H.E. (2019). Imaging of Inflammatory Myopathies. In: Barkhof, F., Jäger, H., Thurnher, M., Rovira, À. (eds) Clinical Neuroradiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68536-6_75
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68536-6_75
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