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Intrauterine Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and Childhood Obesity

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Pediatric Obesity

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

Abstract

The hypothesis of fetal over-nutrition or fuel-mediated teratogenesis proposed in the 1950s by Pedersen postulates that intrauterine exposure to hyperglycemia causes permanent changes in the fetus of a woman with diabetes in pregnancy, leading to malformations, macrosomia, and an increased risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life. More recent data confirm that exposure to diabetes in utero has effects on offspring body size that are distinct from, or act in concert with, genetic susceptibility to obesity and the postnatal environment. There is also evidence that exposure to maternal diabetes represents the extreme of a distribution of altered maternal fuels to which the fetus is exposed in pregnancies complicated by obesity. If maternal obesity during pregnancy drives fuel-mediated teratogenesis, the public health consequences are enormous. Efforts that reduce obesity in women of reproductive age and prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy may not only decrease the risk of gestational diabetes in the mother, but will likely also reduce the risk of excess fetal growth, future obesity, and type 2 diabetes in the offspring.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

    Dana Dabelea MD, PhD

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

    Katherine A. Sauder PhD

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  1. Dana Dabelea MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Dana Dabelea MD, PhD .

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  1. Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Michael S. Freemark

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Dabelea, D., Sauder, K.A. (2018). Intrauterine Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and Childhood Obesity. In: Freemark, M. (eds) Pediatric Obesity. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68192-4_13

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