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Determining the Biological Properties of Biomaterials In Vivo

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Biomaterials in Clinical Practice

Abstract

Biocompatibility, bioinertness and biofunctionality are prerequisites was that certain materials could be used in implantation. In vivo studies of biomaterials involves the assessing of overall biocompatibility of the newly synthesized biomaterials. In contact with organism, biomaterials represent foreign bodies and organism can react in various desirable and undesirable ways. As response to biomaterials, two types of hypersensitivity reactions are common, type I and type IV. Materials that are routinely used in dentistry can give rise to hypersensitivity reactions in both sensitised patients and members of the dental team. Hypersensitivity reactions to the endovascular prostheses are among the infrequent and unpredictable reactions that may lead to local or systemic complications. After implantation biomaterials initiate a host response which begins with blood-biomaterial interactions and provisional matrix formation and continues with acute/chronic inflammation, granulation tissue emergence, foreign body reaction, development of fibrous capsule and possible fibrosis. Macrophages are cells that regulate the host response to implanted biomaterial at several levels. Evaluation of the effect of the implant includes a large number of biological parameters e.g. thickness and vascularization of fibrous capsule, the number and size of inflammatory cells, cell infiltration in implant, degenerative and necrotic changes in the surrounding tissues, cell apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation, endothelialization, biodegradation, the thrombus formation, calcification. Effects of biomaterial at the site of implantation depend on its size, shape, surface and physicochemical characteristics. Ideal result of implantation would be complete restoration of normal tissue architecture and function after healing of injuries.

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Acknowledgements

The printing of this article is financed by EU project 543898-TEMPUS-1-2013-1-ES-TEMPUS-JPHES. Part of the scientific study are supported by Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Serbia, as part of project No. III 41017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia

    Perica J. Vasiljević

  2. Department of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Zoran Đinđić 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia

    Jelena Živković, Marija Vukelić-Nikolić & Stevo Najman

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  1. Perica J. Vasiljević
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  2. Jelena Živković
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  3. Marija Vukelić-Nikolić
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  4. Stevo Najman
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Correspondence to Stevo Najman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Fatima Zivic

  2. Medical Technology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy

    Saverio Affatato

  3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia

    Miroslav Trajanovic

  4. Biomaterials Department, INNOVENT e.V., Jena, Germany

    Matthias Schnabelrauch

  5. Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Nenad Grujovic

  6. Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Kwang Leong Choy

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Vasiljević, P.J., Živković, J., Vukelić-Nikolić, M., Najman, S. (2018). Determining the Biological Properties of Biomaterials In Vivo. In: Zivic, F., Affatato, S., Trajanovic, M., Schnabelrauch, M., Grujovic, N., Choy, K. (eds) Biomaterials in Clinical Practice . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68025-5_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68025-5_17

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68025-5

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