Abstract
Many real-world problems can be expressed in terms of states and actions that modify the world to reach a certain goal. Such problems can be solved by automated planning. Numeric planning supports numeric quantities such as resources or physical properties in addition to the propositional variables from classical planning. We approach numeric planning with heuristic search and introduce adaptations of the relaxation heuristics \(h_\text {max}\), \(h_\text {add}\) and \(h_{\text {FF}}\) to interval based relaxation frameworks. In contrast to previous approaches, the heuristics presented in this paper are not limited to fragments of numeric planning with instantaneous actions (such as linear or acyclic numeric planning tasks) and support action costs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
Scala et al. [17] run into a similar problem using “asynchronous subgoaling” and have to set the cost of hard conditions to 0 to ensure admissibility of \(h_\text {max}\).
References
Aldinger, J.: The Jumpbot domain for numeric planning. Technical report 279, University of Freiburg (2016)
Aldinger, J., Mattmüller, R., Göbelbecker, M.: Complexity of interval relaxed numeric planning. In: Hölldobler, S., Krötzsch, M., Peñaloza, R., Rudolph, S. (eds.) KI 2015. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 9324, pp. 19–31. Springer, Cham (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24489-1_2
Aldinger, J., Nebel, B.: Addentum to ‘Interval Based Relaxation Heuristics for Numeric Planning with Action Costs’. Technical report 280, University of Freiburg (2017)
Bonet, B., Geffner, H.: Planning as heuristic search: new results. In: Biundo, S., Fox, M. (eds.) ECP 1999. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1809, pp. 360–372. Springer, Heidelberg (2000). doi:10.1007/10720246_28
Bonet, B., Geffner, H.: Planning as heuristic search. Artif. Intell. 129(1–2), 5–33 (2001)
Bonet, B., Loerincs, G., Geffner, H.: A robust and fast action selection mechanism for planning. In: Proceedings of the 14th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and 9th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference (AAAI 1997/IAAI 1997), 27–31 July 1997, pp. 714–719 (1997)
Coles, A., Coles, A., Fox, M., Long, D.: A hybrid LP-RPG heuristic for modelling numeric ressource flows in planning. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 46, 343–412 (2013)
Coles, A., Fox, M., Long, D., Smith, A.: A hybrid relaxed planning graph-LP heuristic for numeric planning domains. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Automated Planning and Search (ICAPS 2008) (2008)
Edelkamp, S.: Generalizing the relaxed planning heuristic to non-linear tasks. In: Biundo, S., Frühwirth, T., Palm, G. (eds.) KI 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3238, pp. 198–212. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30221-6_16
Fox, M., Long, D.: PDDL2.1: an extension to PDDL for expressing temporal planning domains. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 20, 61–124 (2003)
Francès, G., Geffner, H.: Modeling and computation in planning: better heuristics from more expressive languages. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS 2015) (2015)
Helmert, M.: The fast downward planning system. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 26, 191–246 (2006)
Hoffmann, J.: The metric-FF planning system: translating ‘Ignoring Delete Lists’ to numeric state variables. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 20, 291–341 (2003)
Hoffmann, J., Nebel, B.: The FF planning system: fast plan generation through heuristic search. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 14, 253–302 (2001)
Löhr, J., Eyerich, P., Keller, T., Nebel, B.: A planning based framework for controlling hybrid systems. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS 2012) (2012)
Long, D., Fox, M.: An overview and analysis of the results of the 3rd international planning competition. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 20, 1–59 (2003)
Scala, E., Haslum, P., Thiébaux, S.: Heuristics for numeric planning via subgoaling. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2016), pp. 655–663 (2016)
Scala, E., Haslum, P., Thiébaux, S., Ramírez, M.: Interval-based relaxation for general numeric planning. In: Proceedings of the 22nd European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2016), pp. 655–663 (2016)
Young, R.C.: The algebra of many-valued quantities. Math. Ann. 104, 260–290 (1931)
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the DFG through grants EXC1086 (BrainLinks-BrainTools) and NE 623/13-2 (HYBRIS-2).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Aldinger, J., Nebel, B. (2017). Interval Based Relaxation Heuristics for Numeric Planning with Action Costs. In: Kern-Isberner, G., Fürnkranz, J., Thimm, M. (eds) KI 2017: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. KI 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10505. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67190-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67190-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-67189-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-67190-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)