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The Neuropathology of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

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Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is fundamentally an inflammatory demyelinating illness affecting the brain and spinal cord. The typical clinical feature of relapsing and remitting episodes of neurological disability reflects this pathological hallmark. However, some of the earliest neuropathological descriptions of MS made reference to atrophy of the brain and spinal cord as well as microscopic axonal injury [1, 2] (see Kornek and Lassmann, 1999 for a comprehensive account on the historical reporting of axonal pathology in MS [3]). Likewise, it has long been recognised that most patients with relapsing-remitting MS will ultimately experience progressive accumulation of disability (secondary progression), while in others the accrual of disability is progressive from onset (primary progression). Advances in immunomodulatory therapy have revolutionised the care of patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Meanwhile, until recently, progressive forms of the illness remain stubbornly resistant to emerging therapies in a manner more in keeping with a neurodegenerative disease, although in the last few years a number of agents showed positive results in SPMS and PPMS trials. In recent years, a new light has been thrown on the neuropathology of MS, with focus often shifting towards neuro-axonal and grey matter pathology as possible correlates of progressive, irreversible disability. In this chapter, we hope to describe the hallmark white matter inflammatory demyelination of MS, to report on the relatively recent studies of neuro-axonal and grey matter pathology as seen in the progressive forms, and to reflect on the possible pathological correlates of progressive disability.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Nikos Evangelou

  2. Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK

    Simon M. L. Paine

  3. Department of Clinical Neurology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK

    Emma C. Tallantyre

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  1. Nikos Evangelou
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  2. Simon M. L. Paine
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  3. Emma C. Tallantyre
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Correspondence to Emma C. Tallantyre .

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  1. Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

    Alastair Wilkins

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Evangelou, N., Paine, S.M.L., Tallantyre, E.C. (2018). The Neuropathology of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. In: Wilkins, A. (eds) Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65921-3_3

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