Abstract
Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz was an eminent representative of the Lvov-Warsaw School. His main interest was the cognitive role of language. His radical conventionalism intended to explain rapid and fundamental changes in science. He used the method of philosophical paraphrase to make traditional metaphysical questions decidable. Then he drew metaphysical conclusions from the so called “semantic epistemology” based—according to his programme—on semantics (which played an important role in his research) and formal logic. His categorial grammar aiming to formulate the general criteria of syntactic coherence was the first grammar based exclusively on the structural properties of expressions. He also undertook a number of methodological issues, both general and detailed. He was interested in the theory of definition, the theory of questions, the problem of rationality of fallible inferential methods, the foundation of sentences, classification of reasonings, of sciences and of axiomatic systems, and in the reconstruction and evaluation of scientific procedures.
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References
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Ajdukiewicz, K.: Postepowanie człowieka [Human conduct]. In: Jezyk i poznanie. Tom I. Wybór pism z lat 1920–1939 [Language and Cognition. Vol. 1. Selected Papers 1920–1939]. PWN, Warsaw (1960), pp. 317–364 (Originally published in: Propedeutyka filozofii dla liceów ogólnokształc ących, pp. 156–214. Ksi ążnica-Atlas, Lvov-Warsaw (1938))
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Ajdukiewicz, K.: The axiomatic systems from the methodological point of view. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 282–294. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: Systemy aksjomatyczne z metodologicznego punktu widzenia. Stud. Logica 9, 205–218 (1960))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: Change and contradiction. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 192–208. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: Sprzeczność i zmiana. Myśl Współczesna 8/9, 35–52 (1948))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: Conditional statement and material implication. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 222–238. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: Okres warunkowy i implikacja materialna. Stud. Logica 4, 117–134 (1956))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: Epistemology and semiotics. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 182–191. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: Epistemologia i semiotyka. Przegl ąd Filozoficzny 44, 336–347 (1948))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: Intensional expressions. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 320–347. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. D. Pearce (Originally published in: Stud. Logica 20, 63–86 (1967). Translated by O. Wojtasiewicz from an unpublished typescript of a lecture in the United States in 1959)
Ajdukiewicz, K.: Interrogative sentences. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 155–164. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: Zdania pytajne. In: Logiczne podstawy nauczania. Nasza Ksiegarnia, Warszawa (1934))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: Language and meaning. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 35–66. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Translated from German by J. Wilkinson (Originally published as: Sprache und Sinn. Erkenntnis 4, 100–138 (1934))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: Logic and experience. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 165–181. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: Logika i doświadczenie. Przegl ąd Filozoficzny 43, 3–21 (1947))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: On the applicability of pure logic to philosophical problems. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 90–94. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: O stosowalności czystej logiki do zagadnień filozoficznych. Przegl ąd Filozoficzny 37, 323–327 (1934))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: On the meaning of expressions. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 1–34. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: O znaczeniu wyrażeń. In: Ksiega Pami ątkowa Polskiego Towarzystwa Filozoficznego we Lwowie, pp. 31–77 (1931))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: On the notion of existence: some remarks connected with the problem of idealism. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 209–221. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: W sprawie pojecia istnienia. Kilka uwag w zwi ązku z zagadnieniem idealizmu. Stud. Philos. 4, 7–22 (1949/50))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: On the problem of universals. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 95–110. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: W sprawie ‘uniwersaliów’. Przegl ąd Filozoficzny 37, 219–234 (1934))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: The problem of empiricism and the concept of meaning. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 306–319. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: Zagadnienie empiryzmu a koncepcja znaczenia. Stud. Filozoficzne 1, 3–14 (1964))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: The problem of foundation. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 295–305. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: Zagadnienie uzasadniania. Stud. Filozoficzne 2, 3–16 (1963))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: The problem of the foundation of analytic sentences. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 254–268. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: Zagadnienie uzasadnienia zdań analitycznych. Stud. Logica 8, 259–272 (1958))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: The problem of the rationality of non-deductive types of inference. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 239–253. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. D. Pearce (Originally published as: Zagadnienie racjonalności zawodnych sposobów wnioskowania. Stud. Filozoficzne 4, 14–29 (1958))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: Proposition as the connotation of a sentence. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 348–361. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. D. Pearce (Originally published in: Stud. Logica 20, 87–98 (1967). Translated by O. Wojtasiewicz from an unpublished typescript of a lecture in the United States in 1959)
Ajdukiewicz, K.: In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978)
Ajdukiewicz, K.: A semantical version of the problem of transcendental idealism. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 140–154. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: Problemat transcendentalnego idealizmu w sformułowaniu semantycznym. Przegl ąd Filozoficzny 40, 271–87 (1937))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: Syntactic connexion. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 118–139. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Translated from German by H. Weber (Originally published as: Die syntaktische Konnexität. Stud. Philos. 1, 1–27 (1935))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: Syntactical connections between constituents of declarative sentences. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 269–281. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Trans. J. Giedymin (Originally published as: Zwi ązki składniowe miedzy członami zdań oznajmuj ących. Stud. Filozoficzne 6, 73–86 (1960))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: The world-perspective and the conceptual apparatus. In: Giedymin, J. (ed.) The Scientific World-Perspective and Other Essays, 1931–1963. Synthese Library, vol. 108, pp. 67–89. Springer, Dordrecht/Boston (1978). Translated from German by J. Wilkinson (Originally published as: Das Weltbild und die Begriffsapparatur. Erkenntnis 4, 259–287 (1934))
Ajdukiewicz, K.: My philosophical ideas. In: Sinisi, V., Woleński, J. (eds.) The Heritage of Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz. Poznań Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 40, pp. 13–33. Rodopi, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA (1995). Trans. R. Harandon (Extensive excerpts from the original publication: W sprawie artykułu prof. A. Schaffa o moich pogl ądach filozoficznych [Concerning professor A. Schaff’s paper on my philosophical views]. Myśl Filozoficzna 2, 292–334 (1953))
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Wójcicki, R.: Ajdukiewicz: teoria znaczenia [Ajdukiewicz: Theory of meaning]. Pró-szyński i S-ka, Warsaw (1999)
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Jedynak, A. (2018). Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz: The Cognitive Role of Language. In: Garrido, Á., Wybraniec-Skardowska, U. (eds) The Lvov-Warsaw School. Past and Present. Studies in Universal Logic. Birkhäuser, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65430-0_4
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