Abstract
This chapter addresses the role science can play in helping inform future contingency planning for major earthquakes. The chapter gives an overview of a large-scale military and humanitarian earthquake simulation held in the wake of the Gorkha earthquake. This simulation aimed to help international and Nepalese responders practice responding to major earthquake disasters and to identify key changes in the emergency response structure and processes based on what was learned from the 2015 event. The chapter also explores the role science can play in formulating such simulations as well as the difficulties these scenarios pose to national governments in terms of future investment in disaster risk reduction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander, D. E. (1993). Natural Disaster‘s (p. 632). London: UCL Press Limited.
Alexander, D. E. (1999). The Content of Emergency Training Programs. In S. Boncinelli, S. Pittino, & P. Fontanari (Eds.), The Challenge of Major Hazards on the Threshold of the New Millenium: Proceedings of the Florence Conference of 3–8 November. Florence: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.
Alexander, D. (2000). Scenario Methodology for Teaching Principles of Emergency Management’. Disaster Prevention and Management, 9(2), 89–97.
Bearnson, C. S., & Wiker, K. M. (2005). Human Patient Simulators: A New Face in Baccalaureate Nursing Education at Brigham Young University’. Journal of Nursing Education, 44, 421–425.
Bilham, R., & Ambraseys, N. (2005). Apparent Himalayan Slip Deficit from the Summation of Seismic Moments for Himalayan Earthquakes, 1500–2000’. Current Science, 88(10), 1658–1663.
Daniell, J. E., Khazai, B., Wenzel, F., & Vervaeck, A. (2011). The CATDAT Damaging Earthquakes Database’. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11(8), 2235–2251.
Feldl, N., & Bilham, R. (2006). Great Himalayan Earthquakes and the Tibetan Plateau’. Nature, 444, 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05199.
Goda, K., Kiyota, T., Pokhrel, R. M., Chiaro, G., Katagiri, T., Sharma, K., & Wilkinson, S. (2015). The 2015 Gorkha Nepal Earthquake: Insights from Earthquake Damage Survey’. Frontiers in Built Environment, 1, 8.
Government of Nepal (GoN). (1982). National Calamity Relief Act (p. 14). Government of Nepal. Available at: http://www.nrcs.org/sites/default/files/pro-doc/natural-calamity-relief-act.pdf
Guragain, R. (2015). Development of Earthquake Risk Assessment System for Nepal (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Tokyo.
Holling, C. S. (2004). From Complex Regions to Complex Worlds. Ecology and Society, 9(1), 11.
Houtkamp, J. M., & Bos, F. A. (2007). Evaluation of a Virtual Scenario Training for Leading Firefighters. In Proceedings of the 4th International ISCRAM Conference, Delft, The Netherlands.
Kapucu, N. (2005). Interorganizational Coordination in Dynamic Context: Networks in Emergency Response Management. Connections, 26(2), 33–48.
Kargel, J. S., Leonard, G. J., Shugar, D. H., Haritashya, U. K., Bevington, A., Fielding, E. J., & Anderson, E. (2016). Geomorphic and Geologic Controls of Geohazards Induced by Nepal’s 2015 Gorkha Earthquake’. Science, 351(6269). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac8353.
Kircher, C. A., Whitman, R. V., & Holmes, W. T. (2006). HAZUS Earthquake Loss Estimation Methods’. Natural Hazards Review, 7(2), 45–59.
Kritikos, T., Robinson, T. R., & Davies, T. R. (2015). Regional Coseismic Landslide Hazard Assessment without Historical Landslide Inventories: A New Approach’. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 120(4), 711–729.
Lavé, J., Yule, D., Sapkota, S., Basant, K., Madden, C., Attal, M., & Pandey, R. (2005). Evidence for a Great Medieval Earthquake (~1100 ad) in the Central Himalayas, Nepal’. Science, 307(5713), 1302–1305.
Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA). (2009). National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, 2009 (p. 131). Government of Nepal. Available (in English) at: http://un.org.np/sites/default/files/report/2010-08-06-nsdrm-in-eng-2009.pdf
Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA). (2013). National Disaster Response Frameworks (p. 20). Government of Nepal. Available (in English) at: http://www.ifrc.org/docs/IDRL/2011%20National%20Disaster%20Response%20Framework%20(unofficial%20translation%20).pdf
Mugnier, J. L., Gajurel, A., Huyghe, P., Jayangondaperumal, R., Jouanne, F., & Upreti, B. (2013). Structural Interpretation of the Great Earthquakes of the Last Millennium in the Central Himalaya’. Earth-Science Reviews, 127, 30–47.
Park, J., Seager, T. P., Rao, P. S. C., Convertino, M., & Linkov, I. (2013). Integrating Risk and Resilience Approaches to Catastrophic Management in Engineering Systems’. Risk Analysis, 33(3), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01885.x.
Perry, R. W., & Lindell, M. K. (2003). Preparedness for Emergency Response: Guidelines for the Emergency Planning Process’. Disasters, 27(4), 336–350.
Salas, E., Bowers, C. A., & Rhodenizer, L. (1998). It is Not How Much You Have but How You Use It: Toward a Rational Use of Simulation to Support Aviation Training’. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 8(3), 197–208.
Scherer, Y. K., Bruce, S. A., & Runkawatt, V. (2007). A Comparison of Clinical Simulation and Case Study Presentation on Nurse Practitioner Students’ Knowledge and Confidence in Managing Cardiac Event’. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 4, 22.
Weidie, S. A. (2006). Multinational Crisis Response in the Asia-Pacific Region: The Multinational Planning Augmentation Team Model. The Liaison, 3(3), 71–77.
Werth, E. P. (2011). Scenario Training in Police Academies: Developing Students’ Higher-Level Thinking Skills’. Police Practice and Research, 12(4), 325–340.
Zook, A., Lee-Urban, S., Riedl, M. O., Holden, H. K., Sottilare, R. A., & Brawner, K. W. (2012). Automated Scenario Generation: Toward Tailored and Optimized Military Training in Virtual Environments. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, 164–171.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Robinson, T.R. (2018). Disaster Games and the Role of Science for Informing High-level Emergency Response Planning for Nepal. In: Bracken, L., A. Ruszczyk, H., Robinson, T. (eds) Evolving Narratives of Hazard and Risk. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65211-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65211-5_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-65210-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-65211-5
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)