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Atopic Dermatitis: Pathophysiology

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Management of Atopic Dermatitis

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1027))

Abstract

The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis is complex and multifactorial, involving elements of barrier dysfunction, alterations in cell mediated immune responses, IgE mediated hypersensitivity, and environmental factors. Loss of function mutations in filaggrin have been implicated in severe atopic dermatitis due to a potential increase in trans-epidermal water loss, pH alterations, and dehydration. Other genetic changes have also been identified which may alter the skin’s barrier function, resulting in an atopic dermatitis phenotype. The imbalance of Th2 to Th1 cytokines observed in atopic dermatitis can create alterations in the cell mediated immune responses and can promote IgE mediated hypersensitivity, both of which appear to play a role in the development of atopic dermatitis. One must additionally take into consideration the role of the environment on the causation of atopic dermatitis and the impact of chemicals such as airborne formaldehyde, harsh detergents, fragrances, and preservatives. Use of harsh alkaline detergents in skin care products may also unfavorably alter the skin’s pH causing downstream changes in enzyme activity and triggering inflammation. Environmental pollutants can trigger responses from both the innate and adaptive immune pathways. This chapter will discuss the multifaceted etiology of atopic dermatitis which will help us to elucidate potential therapeutic targets. We will also review existing treatment options and their interaction with the complex inflammatory and molecular triggers of atopic dermatitis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA

    W. David Boothe M.D. & Michelle B. Tarbox M.D.

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA

    James A. Tarbox M.D.

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  1. W. David Boothe M.D.
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  3. Michelle B. Tarbox M.D.
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Correspondence to Michelle B. Tarbox M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA

    Erica A. Fortson

  2. Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA

    Steven R. Feldman

  3. Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA

    Lindsay C. Strowd

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David Boothe, W., Tarbox, J.A., Tarbox, M.B. (2017). Atopic Dermatitis: Pathophysiology. In: Fortson, E., Feldman, S., Strowd, L. (eds) Management of Atopic Dermatitis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1027. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64804-0_3

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