Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Varieties of National Cultural Politics and Art Worlds in an Era of Increasing Marketization and Globalization

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Art and the Challenge of Markets Volume 1

Part of the book series: Sociology of the Arts ((SOA))

Abstract

Along the triumph of neoliberalist societal politics a profound process of marketization has been characteristic of national societies and world society since the 1980s. Owing to this process, both national societies and world society have increasingly functioned in the same way as capitalist enterprises function in “free market economy.” This process has also widely shaped national cultural politics and art worlds, as well as international or transnational art worlds. There are, however, differences between individual countries in how widely they have carried out this sort of politics. In part, the chapter explains these differences by presenting a typology of contemporary capitalist economies. Likewise, it explicates concepts like creative economy and the competitive state by which cultural theorists emphasize art’s increasing role in current capitalist economy.

This chapter has been written within the premise/scope of the research project “How Art Worlds Have Reacted to the Market-Based or Neoliberal Turn in Society Since the 1980s,” financed by the Academy of Finland for the years 2011–14. The number of the project is 139049.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The concept the competitive state or the competition state was launched in the 1990s by political theorists such as Susan Strange, Philip G. Cerny, Joachim Hirst, and Bob Jessop; see nearer, Fougner (2006). Current economic nationalism has been considered, for example, by Mayall (1990), Helleiner and Pickel (2005) and Brink (2011).

  2. 2.

    In Ireland, a 10% tax rate on manufacturing profits guaranteed for 20 years was introduced already in the early 1970s, and in 2003, this became a blanket 12.5% tax on all trading companies. See nearer, Kirby (2009, 3).

  3. 3.

    These rates concern the lower academic degrees, that is, the bachelor’s degrees. The concept humanities refers here to disciplines such as languages and literatures, philosophy and history. See, for example, Bulletin (2016, 9).

References

  • Alexander, Victoria D. 2005a. The American System of Support for the Arts: Artists and Art Museums. In Alexander and Rueschemeyer, 19–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005b. Enterprise Culture in British Arts Policy. In ed. Alexander and Rueschemeyer, 58–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, Victoria D., and Marilyn Rueschemeyer. 2005. Art and the State. The Visual Arts in Comparative Perspective. Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baudrillard, Jean. 1983. Simulations. Trans. Paul Foss, Paul Patton, and Philip Beitchman. New York: Semiotext(e).

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1997. Art and Artefact. London/Thousand Oaks/New Delhi: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, Zygmunt. 1992. Intimations of Postmodernity. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, Ulrich. 1997. Was ist Globalisierung? Irrtümer des Globalismus – Antworten auf Globalisierung. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beeson, Mark. 2013. Developmental State in East Asia: A Comparison of the Japanese and Chinese Experience. Asian Perspective 33 (2): 5–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belina, Bernd. 2011. Kapitalismus, Raum und Staatensystem in der kritischen Geographie. In ed. Brink, 87–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, Tony. 1995. Opening Lecture. In Cultural Policy and Management in the United Kingdom. Proceedings of an International Symposium, ed. Tony Bennett. Warwick: University of Warwick.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billig, Michael. 1995. Banal Nationalism. London/Thousand Oaks/New Delhi: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brink, Tobias Ten, ed. 2011. Globale Rivalitäten. Staat und Staatensystem im globalen Kapitalismus. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulletin. 2016. Troubled Times for Humanities in Higher Education. Bulletin LXIX (4): 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castells, Manuel. 2000. The Information Age: Economy, Culture and Society, The Rise of the Network Society. Vol. 1. Oxford/Malden: Blackwell. (Orig. pub. 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • CPIF. 1995. Cultural Policy in Finland. European Programme for National Cultural Policy Review. Helsinki: The Arts Council of Finland, Research and Information Unit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crouch, Colin. 2005. Models of Capitalism. New Political Economy 10 (4): 439–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ebenau, Matthias, and Victoria Liberatore. 2013. Neodevelopmentalist State Capitalism in Brazil and Argentina. Chances, Limits and Restrictions. Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management 6 (1): 105–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fougner, Tore. 2006. The State, International Competitiveness and Neoliberal Globalization: Is There a Future Beyond ‘The Competition State’. Review of International Studies 32: 165–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilpin, Jeremy. 2001. Global Political Economy. Understanding the International Economic Order. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Girard, A. 1972. Cultural Development: Experiences and Policies. Paris: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gualmini, Elisabetta, and Vivien A. Schmidt. 2013. State Transformation in Italy and France: Technocratic Versus Political Leadership and the Road from Non-Liberalism to Neo-Liberalism. In ed. Schmidt and Thatcher, 346–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, Peter A., and David Soskice, eds. 2001. Varieties of Capitalism. The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, David. 2005. A Brief History of Neo-liberalism. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, Colin, and Nicola J. Smith, 2013. The Resilience of Anglo-Liberalism in the Absence of Growth: The UK and Irish Cases. In ed. Schmidt and Thatcher, 289–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayek, Friedrich. 2005. The Road to Serfdom: With the Intellectuals and Socialism. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helleiner, Eric, and Andeas Pickel, eds. 2005. Economic Nationalism in a Globalizing World. Ithaca/New York/London: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hucka, M, Z. Cvancarova, and J. Franek. 2016. The Nature and Evolution of Capitalism in the Czech Republic. Working Paper, April 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299535681. Accessed 8 Mar 2017.

  • Jackson, Gregory, and Richard Deeg. 2006. How Many Varieties of Capitalism? Comparing the Comparative Institutional Analysis of Capitalist Diversity. Cologne: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies. Discussion Paper 06/2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jessop, Bob. 2002. The Future of the Capitalist State. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kantola, Anu. 2014. Unholy Alliances. Competitiveness as a Domestic Power Strategy. In National Policy-Making. Domestication of Global Trends, ed. Pertti Alasuutari and Ali Quadir, 44–60. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kashara, Shigehisa. 2013. The Asian Developmental State and the Flying Geese Paradigm. United Nations. Discussion Papers No. 213, November 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirby, Peadar. 2009. The Competition State – Lessons from Ireland. Limerick Papers in Politics and Administration No. 1. Ireland: University of Limerick.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kouvelakis, Stathis. 2011. The Greek Cauldron. New Left Review, 72, November–December, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lechevalier, Sébastian. 2014. The Great Transformation of Japanese Capitalism. Orig. La grande transformation du capitalism Japonais (2013). Trans. J.A.A. Stockwin. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luhmann, Niklas. 1997. Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft. Erster Teilband. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsaganis, Manos. 2013. The Greek Crisis: Social Impact and Policy Responses. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayall, James. 1990. Nationalism and International Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McGuigan, Jim. 2004. Rethinking Cultural Policy. Glasgow: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. Cool Capitalism. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Münch, Richard. 1998. Globale Dynamik, lokale Lebenswelten. Der schwierige Weg in die Weltgesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2013. Academic Capitalism. Universities in the Global Struggle for Excellence. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, Martha. 2010. Not for the Profit. Why Democracy Needs the Humanities. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orenstein, Mitchell A. 2013. Reassessing the Neo-Liberal Development Model in Central and Eastern Europe. In ed. Schmidt and Thatcher, 374–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rifkin, Jeremy. 2000. The Age of Access – How the Shift from Ownership to Access is Transforming Capitalism? London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rueschemeyer, Marilyn. 2005. Art, Art Institutions and the State in the Welfare States of Norway and Sweden. In ed. Alexander and Rueschemeyer, 101–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, Vivien Ann. 2002. The Futures of European Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, Vivien A., and Mark Thatcher, eds. 2013a. Resilient Liberalism in Europe’s Political Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2013b. Theorizing Ideational Continuity: The Resilience of Neo-liberal ideas in Europe. In ed. Schmidt and Thatcher, 1–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, Vivien A., and Cornelia Woll. 2013. The State: The Bête Noire of Neo-Liberalism or its Greatest Conquest? In ed. Schmidt and Thatcher, 112–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnyder, Gerhard, and Gregory Jackson 2013. Germany and Sweden in the Crisis: Re-Coordination of Resilient Liberalism? In ed. Schmidt and Thatcher, 313–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sevänen, Erkki. 2001. Art as an Autopoietic Sub-system of Modern Society. A Critical Analysis of the Concepts of Art and Autopoietic System in Luhmann’s Late Production. Theory, Culture and Society 18 (1): 75–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008. Towards a New Kind of System of Art. The Shift from the Modern to the Contemporary Sphere of Art from the Standpoint of System-Theoretical and Systemic Sociology. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thatcher, Mark, and Vivien A. Schmidt. 2013. Conclusion: Explaining the Resilience of Neo-Liberalism and Possible Pathways Out. In ed. Schmidt and Thatcher, 403–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vestheim, G. 2010. André Malraux, Augustin Girard og den franske kulturpolitikken 1959–1993. Nordisk kulturpolitisk tidsskrift 13 (02): 177–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallerstein, Immanuel. 2000. Globalization or the Age of Transition? A Long-Term View of the Trajectory of the World-System. International Sociology 15 (2): 249–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Chin-tao. 2002. Privatising Culture. Corporate Art Intervention Since the 1980s. London/New York: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland

    Erkki Sevänen & Simo Häyrynen

Authors
  1. Erkki Sevänen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Simo Häyrynen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Creative and Cultural, Entrepreneurship Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK

    Victoria D. Alexander

  2. University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland

    Samuli Hägg

  3. University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland

    Simo Häyrynen

  4. University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland

    Erkki Sevänen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sevänen, E., Häyrynen, S. (2018). Varieties of National Cultural Politics and Art Worlds in an Era of Increasing Marketization and Globalization. In: Alexander, V., Hägg, S., Häyrynen, S., Sevänen, E. (eds) Art and the Challenge of Markets Volume 1. Sociology of the Arts . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64586-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64586-5_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64585-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64586-5

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation