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Technological Change from the Terminal Pleistocene Through Early Holocene in the Eastern Great Basin, USA: The Record from Bonneville Estates Rockshelter

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Lithic Technological Organization and Paleoenvironmental Change

Part of the book series: Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation ((STHE,volume 9))

Abstract

In the Great Basin of western North America, studies of prehistoric human technology have long been conducted in an ecological, evolutionary context. Here we review evidence of long-term environmental and technological change at Bonneville Estates Rockshelter, western Bonneville basin, Nevada. In this region 15,000–8000 calendar years ago, climate became increasingly warm and arid, leading to the drying of an extensive pluvial lake system and radical changes in vegetation and mammal communities. Paleoindians, of course, responded to these changes, and their adjustments are recorded in the lithic technological record. For the occupants of Bonneville Estates Rockshelter, adaptation included (1) more use of poor-quality, local tool stones at the expense of high-quality, nonlocal obsidians, (2) an increase in primary-reduction activities (including early-stage biface reduction), (3) a decrease in the versatility of hafted bifacial tools, and (4) an expansion of technology to include the use of ground-stone tools. These adjustments in technological organization reflect related modifications in settlement and subsistence behavior, for example, lengthier occupations of the rockshelter and reduced mobility, as well as more intensive artiodactyl hunting and a concomitant broadening of the diet to include hard-to-process seeds from a variety of plants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for the Study of the First Americans, Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Ted Goebel & Joshua L. Keene

  2. Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Aria Holmes

  3. Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Marion M. Coe

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Correspondence to Ted Goebel .

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  1. Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA

    Erick Robinson

  2. Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

    Frédéric Sellet

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Goebel, T., Holmes, A., Keene, J.L., Coe, M.M. (2018). Technological Change from the Terminal Pleistocene Through Early Holocene in the Eastern Great Basin, USA: The Record from Bonneville Estates Rockshelter. In: Robinson, E., Sellet, F. (eds) Lithic Technological Organization and Paleoenvironmental Change. Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64407-3_11

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