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Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Axis in Aging and Longevity

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Hormones in Ageing and Longevity

Part of the book series: Healthy Ageing and Longevity ((HAL,volume 6))

Abstract

The growth hormone (GH)-IGF-1 axis, which regulates postnatal growth and metabolism, progressively declines after puberty. This decline causes alterations in body composition and thus physical frailty in aging animals. By contrast, attenuation of the GH-IGF-1 axis consistently increases lifespan in a range of animals. Studies using mutant animals reveal key molecules for longevity in cytoplasmic IGF-1 signaling, including mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and forkhead box, subgroup O (FoxO) transcription factors. Dietary calorie restriction, a robust experimental intervention to extend lifespan in animals, also inhibits the GH-IGF-1 axis. Studies in human dwarf cohorts report lower incidences of cancers and cardiovascular diseases, though there is no scientific evidence of extended lifespan in these people. Genome-wide studies in long-lived people indicate an association between longevity and minor alleles of genes that lead to a reduction in IGF-1 signaling. Evolutionary views suggest a trade-off relation between growth and longevity. Therefore, it is rational to conclude that the GH-IGF-1 axis is the central pathway that regulates lifespan and thus aging in animals.

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  1. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

    Isao Shimokawa

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  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Suresh Rattan

  2. Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Megalaya, India

    Ramesh Sharma

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Shimokawa, I. (2017). Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Axis in Aging and Longevity. In: Rattan, S., Sharma, R. (eds) Hormones in Ageing and Longevity. Healthy Ageing and Longevity, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63001-4_5

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