Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Outdoor Air Pollution: Effects, Measure and Perception

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Clinical Handbook of Air Pollution-Related Diseases

  • 1452 Accesses

Abstract

Outdoor air pollution, or environmental pollution, is often associated to modern life and industrialization. We believe it is an actual problem, or at most we date it back to the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century. We would think differently if we consider what Seneca wrote about Rome in 61 AD, so almost 2000 years ago in a preindustrial era: “As soon as I had escaped the heavy air of Rome and the stench of its smoky chimneys, which when stirred poured forth whatever pestilent vapours and soot they held enclosed, I felt a change in my disposition”.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. G. T. Miller and S. Spoolman, Living in the environment: principles, connections, and solutions, Brooks / Cole, Belmont (CA), 2011. ISBN 0-495-55671-8.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lucernoni F, Tapparo F, Capelli L, Sironi S. Evaluation of an odour emission factor (OEF) to estimate odour emissions from landfill surfaces. Atmos Environ. 2016;144:87–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Capelli L, Dentoni L, Sironi S, Del Rosso R. The need for electronic noses for environmental odour exposure assessment. Water Sci Technol. 2014;69(1):135–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Capelli L, Sironi S, Del Rosso R. Electronic noses for environmental monitoring applications. Sensors. 2014;14(11):19979–20007.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Capelli L, Sironi S, Del Rosso R. Odour emission factors: fundamental tools for air quality management. Chem Eng Trans. 2014;40:193–8.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Sironi S, Capelli L, Dentoni L, Del Rosso R. Odour regulation and policies. In:Odour impact assessment handbook. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2012. p. 175–86.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. World Health Organization. Air quality guidelines. Geneve: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hajat S, Armstrong B, Wilkinson P, Busby A, Dolk H. Outdoor air pollution and infant mortality: analysis of daily time-series data in 10 English cities. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61(8):719–22.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Bobak M, Leon D. The effect of air pollution on infant mortality appears specific for respiratory causes in the postneonatal period. Epidemiology. 1999;10(6):666–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dickey J. Part VII. Air pollution: overview of sources and health effects. Dis Mon. 2000;46(9):566–89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ha E, Lee J, Kim H, Hong Y, Lee B, Park H, Christiani D. Infant susceptibility of mortality to air pollution in Seoul, South Korea. Pediatrics. 2003;111(2):284–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kaiser R, Romieu I, Medina S, Schwartz J, Krzyzanowski M, Künzli N. Air pollution attributable postneonatal infant mortality in U.S. metropolitan areas: a risk assessment study. Environ Health. 2004;3:4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Tager IB. Air pollution and lung function growth. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160(2):387–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Gauderman W, Gilliland G, Vora H, Avol E, Stram D, McConnell R, Thomas D, Lurmann F, Margolis H, Rappaport E, Berhane K, Peters J. Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children: results from a second cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(1):76–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. O’Connor G, Neas L, Vaughn B, Kattan M, Mitchell H, Crain EF, Evans R 3rd, Gruchalla R, Morgan W, Stout J, Adams G, Lippmann M. Acute respiratory health effects of air pollution on children with asthma in US inner cities. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;121(5):1133–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Chen G, Song G, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Zhao N, Chen B, Kan H. Short-term effects of ambient gaseous pollutants and particulate matter on daily mortality in shanghai, China. J Occup Health. 2008;50(1):41–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kind T. Carbon monoxide. Pediatr Rev. 2005;26(4):150–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Votsmeier M, Kreuzer T, Gieshoff J, Lepperhoff G. Automobile exhaust control. In:Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  19. RWE AG. Chemcial conversion of CO2, RWE AG, [Online]. Available from: http://www.rwe.com/web/cms/en/542048/rwe-power-ag/innovations/coal-innovation-centre/chemical-conversion-of-co2/. [Accessed 23 09 2016].

  20. Covestro AG. CO2 Project, Covestro AG, 20 07 2016. [Online]. Available from: http://www.covestro.de/de/projects-and-cooperations/co2-project. [Accessed 23 09 2016].

  21. Rosas I, McCartney H, Payne R, Calderón C, Lacey J, Chapela R, Ruiz-Velazco S. Analysis of the relationships between environmental factors (aeroallergens, air pollution, and weather) and asthma emergency admissions to a hospital in Mexico City. Allergy. 1998;53(4):394–401.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Newson R, Strachan D, Archibald E, Emberlin J, Hardaker P, Collier CG. Acute asthma epidemics, weather and pollen in England, 1987-1994. Eur Respir J. 1998;11(3):694–701.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. O'Hollaren M, Yunginger J, Offord K, Somers M, O'Connell E, Ballard D, Sachs M. Exposure to an aeroallergen as a possible precipitating factor in respiratory arrest in young patients with asthma. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(6):359–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Dales R, Cakmak S, Judek S, Dann T, Coates F, Brook J, Burnett R. Influence of outdoor aeroallergens on hospitalization for asthma in Canada. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(2):303–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Jenkins HS, Devalia JL, Mister RL, Bevan AM, Rusznak C, Davies RJ. The effect of exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the airway response of atopic asthmatics to inhaled allergen. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160:33–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Molfino N, Wright S, Katz I, Tarlo S, Silverman F, McClean P, Szalai J, Raizenne M, Slutsky A, Zamel N. Effect of low concentrations of ozone on inhaled allergen responses in asthmatic subjects. Lancet. 1991;338(8761):199–203.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Studi Internazionale SIT, Bologna, Italy

    Giulio Lolli

Authors
  1. Giulio Lolli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giulio Lolli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Alder Hey Children’s Hospital , Liverpool, United Kingdom

    Fabio Capello

  2. Scientific Director of Health Lab of GTechnology Foundation, Modena, Italy

    Antonio Vittorino Gaddi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lolli, G. (2018). Outdoor Air Pollution: Effects, Measure and Perception. In: Capello, F., Gaddi, A. (eds) Clinical Handbook of Air Pollution-Related Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62731-1_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62731-1_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-62730-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-62731-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation