Abstract
This chapter is focused on mathematical conventions and their unpacking. Conventions account for the choices of the mathematics community regarding the ways concepts are defined, named, and symbolized. By unpacking, I refer to the act of offering plausible explanations and arguments for the choice of conventions. A normative practice of unpacking conventions has not been established, which creates a special opportunity for teachers to engage in a special type of rhetorical persuasion: the one that is less biased towards the perspective of a more authoritative rhetorician. Script-writing can be used as a format for designing convention-unpacking tasks. Using responses of prospective teachers to such a task, I illustrate how scripted dialogues and reflections can be used to promote teachers’ knowledge.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
To recall, when f is a function from a set X to itself, the n-th iteration of f is defined as f n ≡ f ∘ f n − 1 for any natural n ≥ 2.
References
Ball, D. L., Thames, M. H., & Phelps, G. (2008). Content knowledge for teaching what makes it special? Journal of Teacher Education, 59(5), 389–407.
Brown, S. I., & Walter, M. I. (1983). The art of problem posing. Philadelphia, PA: Franklin Institute Press.
Dewey, J. (1933). How we think: A restatement of the relation of reflective thinking to the educational process. Lexington, MA: Heath.
Even, R. (1992). The inverse function: Prospective teachers’ use of “undoing”. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 23(4), 557–562.
Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Heaton, R. M. (1993). Who is minding the mathematics content? A case study of a fifth-grade teacher. The Elementary School Journal, 93(2), 153–162.
Hewitt, D. (1999). Arbitrary and necessary part 1: A way of viewing the mathematics curriculum. For the Learning of Mathematics, 19(3), 1–9.
Hewitt, D. (2001a). Arbitrary and necessary part 2: Assisting memory. For the Learning of Mathematics, 21(1), 44–51.
Hewitt, D. (2001b). Arbitrary and necessary part 3: Education awareness. For the Learning of Mathematics, 21(2), 37–49.
Koichu, B., & Zazkis, R. (2013). Decoding a proof of Fermat’s little theorem via script writing. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 32, 364–376.
Kontorovich, I. (2016a). We all know that a0=1, but can you explain why? Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics, and Technology Education, 16(3), 237–243.
Kontorovich, I. (2016b). Response to Mahmood and Mahmood (2015). The International Journal of Mathematics Education in Science and Technology, 47(7), 1135.
Kontorovich, I., & Zazkis, R. (2016). Turn vs. shape: Teachers cope with incompatible perspectives on angle. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 93(2), 223–243.
Kontorovich, I., & Zazkis, R. (2017). Mathematical conventions: Revisiting arbitrary and necessary. For the Learning of Mathematics, 37(1), 15–20.
Leikin, R. (2009). Exploring mathematical creativity using multiple solution tasks. In R. Leikin, A. Berman, & B. Koichu (Eds.), Creativity in mathematics and the education of gifted students (pp. 129–145). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
Levenson, E. (2012). Teachers’ knowledge of the nature of definitions: The case of the zero exponent. The Journal of Mathematics Behavior, 31, 209–219.
Mahmood, M., & Mahmood, I. (2015). A simple demonstration of zero factorial equals one. International Journal of Mathematics Education in Science and Technology. Published online.
Mason, J. (2008). Being mathematical with and in front of learners: Attention, awareness, and attitude as sources of differences between teacher educators, teachers and learners. In B. Jaworski & T. Wood (Eds.), The handbook of mathematics teacher education, The mathematics teacher educator as a developing professional (Vol. 4, pp. 31–56). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
Piaget, J. (1985). The equilibration of cognitive structures: The central problem of intellectual development. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rorty, A. O. (1996). Essays on Aristotle’s rhetoric. Berkley, CA: University of California Press.
Ross, K. E. (2013). Elementary analysis: The theory of calculus. In S. Axler, & K. A. Ribet (Eds.), Graduate texts in mathematics. New York: Springer.
Schoenfeld, A. H. (1989). Explorations of students’ mathematical beliefs and behavior. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 20, 338–355.
Schubauer-Leoni, M. L., & Grossen, M. (1993). Negotiating the meaning of questions in didactic and experimental contracts. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 8(4), 451–471.
Sfard, A. (2008). Thinking as communicating: Human development, the growth of discourses, and mathematizing. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sinitsky, I., Zazkis, R., & Leikin, R. (2011). Odd + Odd = Odd: Is it possible? Mathematics Teaching, 225, 30–34.
Vialar, T. (2015). Handbook of mathematics. Paris: BoD.
Zaslavsky, O. (2005). Seizing the opportunity to create uncertainty in learning mathematics. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 60(3), 297–321.
Zazkis, D. (2014). Proof-scripts as a lens for exploring students’ understanding of odd/even functions. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 35, 31–43.
Zazkis, R. (2008). Examples as tools in mathematics teacher education. In D. Tirosh, & T. Wood (Eds.), Tools and processes in mathematics teacher education (in Handbook for mathematics teacher education, Vol. 2, pp. 135–156). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
Zazkis, R., & Kontorovich, I. (2016). A curious case of superscript (−1): Prospective secondary mathematics teachers explain. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 43, 98–110.
Zazkis, R., Liljedahl, P., & Sinclair, N. (2009). Lesson plays: Planning teaching vs. teaching planning. For the Learning of Mathematics, 29(1), 40–47.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kontorovich, I. (2018). Teachers Unpack Mathematical Conventions via Script-Writing. In: Zazkis, R., Herbst, P. (eds) Scripting Approaches in Mathematics Education . Advances in Mathematics Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62692-5_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62692-5_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-62691-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-62692-5
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)