Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Seismicity of the Klerksdorp Goldfields and the Resulting Seismic Hazard

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Mine Seismology: Seismic Warning Concept

  • 465 Accesses

Abstract

Mining in this district started as early as 1886. Deep-level mining to 1500 m commenced in 1937/38. With increasing mining depths came the associated seismicity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Antrobus ESA, Brink MC, Caulkin J, Hutchison RI, Thomas DE Graan vJA, Vilioen JJ (1986) The Klerksdorp Goldfield. In: Anhaeusser CR, Maske (eds) Mineral deposits of Southern Africa I. Geological Society South Africa, pp 549–598

    Google Scholar 

  • Brink AvZ (1990) Application of microseismic system at Eastern Deep Levels. In: Faihurst C (ed) Rockburst and seismicity in mines. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 355–361

    Google Scholar 

  • Brink AvZ, Mountfort PI (1984) Feasibility studies on the prediction of rockburst at Western Deep Levels. In: Gay NC, Wainwright EH (eds) Rockburst and seismicity in mines. Symposium of South African Institute of Mining and Metal, Ser. No. 6, Johannesburg, pp 317–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown A (1983) Golden Heritage. Published by the Author

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruns L (1977) The birth of a complex. Western Reefs 1933–1971, Perskor, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler AG, van Aswegen G (1993) Ground velocity relationship based on a large sample of underground measurements in two South African mining regions. In: Young P (ed) Rockbursts and seismicity in mines. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 41–49

    Google Scholar 

  • COMRO (1977) An industry guide to the amelioration of the hazards of rockburst and rockfalls. Compiled by the High-Level Committee on Rockburst and Rockfalls. Chamber of Mines of South Africa, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • COMRO (1988a) The portable seismic system. Application Report No 21, Chamber of Mines of South Africa, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • COMRO (1988b) An industry guide to methods of ameliorating the hazards of rockfalls and rockburts. Users Guide No 12, Chamber of Mines of South Africa, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook NGM (1962) A study of failure in rock surrounding underground excavations. PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Durrhein RJ, Anderson RL, Cichowicz A, Ebrahim-Trollope R, Hubert G, Kijko A, Ortleepp WD, van der Merwe N (2006) Investigation into the risk to miners, mines and the public associated with large seismic events in gold mining districts, vol 1. Requested by: Ms M Hermanus, Chief Inspector of Mines, Department of Minerals and Energy, South Africa www.csir.co.za/websource/…/Seismic/DMEInvestigationlargeseismiceventsvol1.pdf

  • Emmenis RJ, O’Ferral MRC (1971) The extraction of Toni Shaft pillar. Association of Mine Managers of South Africa, Papers and Discussions, Chambers of Mines of South Africa, Johannesburg, pp 459–491

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez LM, Guzman JA (1979a) Seismic history of Southern Africa. Seismology Series No 9, Geological Survey, Pretoria

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez LM, Guzman JA (1979b) Earthquake Hazard in Southern Africa. Seismology Series No 10, Geological Survey, Pretoria

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez LM, Labuschagne PGA (1979) Catalogue of earthquakes in Southern Africa and surrounding oceans for 1976. Seismology Series No 8 Geological Survey, Pretoria

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez LM, van der Heever P (1984) Ground movement and damage accompanying a large seismic event in the Klerksdorp district In: Gay NC, Wainwright EH (eds) Rockburst and seismicity in mines. Symposium of South African Institute of Mining and Metal, Ser. No. 6, Johannesburg, pp 193–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Finsen WS (1950) The statistics of Witwatersrand earth tremors 1938 to 1949. Unions Obs Circ. 110, Johannesburg, pp 444–456

    Google Scholar 

  • Flannigan WC, Hewlett P (1988) The computer basis for a regional seismic monitoring system. In: SANGROM symposium: rock mechanics in Africa, Swaziland

    Google Scholar 

  • Gane PG (1939) A statistical study of the Witwatersrand earth tremors. J Chem Metall Miner Soc S Afr 40

    Google Scholar 

  • Gane PG, Hales AL, Oliver MA (1946) A seismic investigation of the Witwatersrand earth tremors. Bull Seismol Soc Am 36:49–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Gay NC, Spencer D van Wyk JJ, van der Heever PK (1984) The control of geological and mining parameters on seismicity in the Klerksdorp gold mining district. In: Gay NC, Wainwright EH (eds) Rockburst and seismicity in mines. Symposium of South African Institute of Mining and Metal, Ser. No. 6, Johannesburg, pp 107–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibowicz SJ, Kijko A (1994) An introduction to mining seismology. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Glazer SN (1998) Practical applications of stress index and other seismological parameters in combating rockburst hazard in deep gold mine of Vaal Reefs, South Africa. PhD thesis submitted to the Department of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, University of Mining and Metallurgy, Krakow, Poland, June 1997 (in English)

    Google Scholar 

  • Glazer SN (2016) Mine seismology: data analysis and interpretation. Palabora Mine caving process as revealed by induced seismicity. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland. doi:10.1007/ 978-3-319-32611-5

    Google Scholar 

  • Green RWE (1990) Keynote lecture: instrumentation networks for observation on mine-induced seismicity. In: Fairhurst C (ed) Rockbursts and seismicity in mines. Balkena, Rotterdam, pp 165–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Guest H (1938) Klerksdorp’s fifty years of mining. Published by Klerksdorp Mine Managers Association

    Google Scholar 

  • Guest H (1987) Klerksdorp’s 100 years of mining. Published by Klerksdorp Mine Managers Association

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutenberg B, Richter CF (1956) Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy and acceleration (second paper). Bull Seismol Soc Am 46:105–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanks TC, Kanamori H (1979) A moment magnitude scale. J Geophys Res 84:2348–2350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedley DGF (1990) Peak particle velocity for rockbursts in some Ontario mines. In: Fairhurst C (ed) Rockbursts and seismicity in mines. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 345–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewlett P, Flannigan WC (1989) New development on the ISS. In: COMRO innovation in mining, development and application of new seismic technology for rockburst control. South African Nature Conservation Centre, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Joughin NC (1966) The measurement and analysis of earth motion resulting from underground rock failure. PhD thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Kijko A, Sellevoll MA (1989) Estimation of earthquake hazard parameters from incomplete data files. Part I. Utilization of extreme and complete catalogues with different threshold magnitudes. Bull Seism Soc Am 79:645–654

    Google Scholar 

  • Kijko A, Sellevoll MA (1992) Estimation of earthquake hazard parameters from incomplete data files. Part II. Incorporation of magnitude heterogeneity. Bull Seismol Soc Am 82:120–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence D (1984) Seismicity in orange free state gold mining district. In: Gay NC, Wainwright EH (eds) Rockbursts and seismicity in mines. Symposium of South African Institute of Mining and Metal, Ser. No. 6, Johannesburg, pp 121–130

    Google Scholar 

  • McGarr A (1993) Keynote address: factors influencing the strong ground motion from mining-induced tremors. In: Young RP (ed) Rockburst and seismicity in mines. Balkena, Rotterdam, pp 3–12

    Google Scholar 

  • McGarr A, Bicknell J (1990) Estimation of the near-fault ground motion of mining-induced tremors from locally recorded seismograms in South Africa. In: Fairhurst C (ed) Rockburst and seismicity in mines. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 245–248

    Google Scholar 

  • McGarr A, Green RWE, Spottiswoode SM (1981) Strong ground motion of mine tremors. Some implications for near-source motion parameters. Bull Seismol Soc Am 71:295–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendecki AJ, van Aswegen G, Brown JNP, Hewlett P (1990) The Welkom seismological network. In: Fairhurst C (ed) Rockburst and seismicity in mines. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 237–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Midzi V, Zulu B, Manzunzu B, Mulabisana T, Pule T, Myendeki S, Gubela W (2015) Macroseismic survey of the Ml Orkney earthquake. J Seismol 19(19):741–751

    Google Scholar 

  • Nell T (1935) The geology of the Klerksdorp-Ventersdorp area: an expansion of the geological map. Geological Survey South Africa, Pretoria

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Ferrall RC (1986) Procedures for mining in the vicinity of faults and dykes in the Klerksdorp area. Colloquium: Mining in the Vicinity of Geological and Hazardous Structures. South African Institute of Mining and Metal, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Patrick KW, Kelly AM (1989) The COMRO seismic system: hardware and software. In: COMRO innovations in mining, development and application of new seismic technology for rockburst control. South African Nature Conservation Centre, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Rorke AJ, Roering C (1984) Source mechanism studies of mining-induced seismic events in a deep-level gold mine. In: Gay NC, Wainwright EH (eds) Rocburst and seismicity in mines, Symposium of South African Institute of Mining and Metal, Ser. No. 6, Johannesburg, pp 51–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapira A, Fernandez L, Du Plessis A (1989) Frequency-magnitude relationship of Southern Africa seismicity. Tectonophysics 167:261–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheepers JB (1982) The Klerksdorp seismic network: monitoring of seismic events and system layout. In: Gay NC, Wainwright EH (eds) Rockbursts and seismicity in mines. Symposium of South African Institute of Mining and Metal, Ser. No. 6, Johannesburg, pp 341–345

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Heever PK (1982) The influence of geological structure and seismicity and rockburst in the Klerksdorp Goldfield. WSc dissertation, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Heever PK (1989) Single station triaxial location systems. In: COMRO innovation in mining, development and application of new seismic technology for rockburst control. South African Nature Conservation Centre, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Heever PK, O’Connors TS (1994) The mining of a stressed deep-level shaft pillar. XVth CMMI Congress, South African Institute of Mining and Metal, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Waldeck MG (1990) The monitoring of seismicity and measures implemented to alleviate rockburst at Kloof—a division of Kloof Gold Mining Company Limited. In: Fairhurst C (ed) Rockbursts and seismicity in mines. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 395–400

    Google Scholar 

  • Webber SJ (1988) A comparison between the magnitude scales of the South African Geological Survey and the Klerksdorp Regional Seismic Network. Technical Note, Rock Mechanics Laboratory, Chamber of Mines of South Africa, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Whiteside HCM, Glasspol KR, Hiemstra SA, Pretorius DA, Antrobus ESA (1976) Gold in the Witwatersrand Triad. In: Coetze CB (ed) Mineral resources of the Republic of South Africa, Handbook 7, 5th edn. The Government Print, Pretoria, pp 39–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaal Reefs Divisional News, vol 2, No 9, p 3, September 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Wyk JJ, Coggan JS (1990) Establishment of improved seismic monitoring facilities in the Klerksdorp area. In: Technical challenges in deep level mining. South African Institute of Mining and Metal, Johannesburg

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Retired Mine Seismology Consultant, Phalaborwa, South Africa

    S. N. Glazer

Authors
  1. S. N. Glazer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. N. Glazer .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Glazer, S.N. (2018). Seismicity of the Klerksdorp Goldfields and the Resulting Seismic Hazard. In: Mine Seismology: Seismic Warning Concept. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62353-5_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation