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Halogens in High-Grade Metamorphism

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The Role of Halogens in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Geochemical Processes

Part of the book series: Springer Geochemistry ((SPRIGEO))

Abstract

This chapter reviews factors, which control the distribution of the two major halogens, F and Cl, in high-grade metamorphic rocks; their compositional correlations and partitioning between minerals; experimental data on stability and phase equilibria of the halogen-bearing minerals; the influence of halogens on Fe–Mg exchange reactions; and the means of estimating concentrations/activity of halogen species in the fluid phase (“chlorimetry and fluorimetry”) via calculation of equilibrium conditions for mineral assemblages containing halogen-bearing phases. Clear negative correlation between the F content and XFe = Fe/(Fe + Mg) suggests that natural biotite and amphibole obey the Fe–F avoidance rule. A strong positive correlation exists between K and Cl in amphibole. A scattering of points on the XFe–Cl and TiO2–Cl diagrams indicate the possible involvement of an exotic Cl-rich phase (fluid or melt) during the formation of Cl-bearing biotite and amphibole. Fluorine and Cl substituting for OH-groups substantially stabilize minerals relative to dehydration and melting. They should also strongly affect the partitioning of Fe and Mg between biotite, amphibole, and anhydrous minerals. This effect is quantified for Fe–Mg exchange reactions involving biotite (Zhu and Sverjensky 1992), but remains to be evaluated for amphibole. Calculations based on recent thermodynamic systematics show that a relatively Mg-rich, Cl-poor biotite (for example, XFe = 0.4 and about 0.2 wt.% Cl) may coexist with a fairly Cl-rich fluid, i.e. total Cl/(Cl + H2O) ranges from 0.1–0.3, depending on the assemblage, under granulite-facies P–T conditions. Alkali (and Ca) metasomatism, caused by interaction of high grade rocks with halogen-bearing fluids, may have a major impact on the subsolidus phase transformation and melting processes during high-grade metamorphism and anatexis.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Kostya Podlesskii for providing thin section of the granulite sample from Aldan (Fig. 11.7). The editor D.E. Harlov is thanked for his help and patience. Helpful suggestions and comments by Bill Glassley, Kåre Kullerud and Brian Tattitch helped to improve this chapter. Financial support for this study was provided by Russian Scientific Fund (grant 14-17-00581) and partially by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 15-05-01053 and 16-05-00266).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia

    Leonid Aranovich

  2. Institute of Experimental Mineralogy RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia

    Leonid Aranovich & Oleg Safonov

  3. Department of Petrology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    Oleg Safonov

  4. Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Oleg Safonov

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  1. Leonid Aranovich
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Correspondence to Leonid Aranovich .

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  1. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, Germany

    Daniel E. Harlov

  2. Institute of Ore Geology, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Leonid Aranovich

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Aranovich, L., Safonov, O. (2018). Halogens in High-Grade Metamorphism. In: Harlov, D., Aranovich, L. (eds) The Role of Halogens in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Geochemical Processes. Springer Geochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61667-4_11

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