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Neuronal and Mixed Glioneuronal Tumors

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Clinical Neuroradiology

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Abstract

Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors are a group of rare tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by either neoplastic neuronal cells or a combination of neuronal and glial neoplastic cells. Most of these tumors are benign with a favorable prognosis, although there are a minority of anaplastic and aggressive tumors. Clinical neuroradiology plays an essential role in distinguishing these benign tumors from others with a less favorable outcome. The most sensitive radiological technique for imaging these tumors is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) but Computed Tomography (CT) may be used in an emergency setting, when MRI is contraindicated, and to detect calcifications. This chapter aims to offer an overview of neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors with a focus on their imaging and pathological features as well as their clinical characteristics.

This publication is endorsed by: European Society of Neuroradiology (www.esnr.org).

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Abbreviations

ADC:

Apparent diffusion coefficient

AGG:

Anaplastic ganglioglioma

CECT:

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography

Cho:

Choline

CN:

Central neurocytoma

CNS:

Central nervous system

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

CT:

Computed tomography

DCG:

Dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma)

DIA:

Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma

DIG (or DIGG):

Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma

DLGNT:

Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor

DNT (or DNET):

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor

DWI:

Diffusion-weighted imaging

EVN:

Extraventricular neurocytoma

FCD:

Focal cortical dysplasia

FLAIR:

Fluid attenuated inversion recovery

GC:

Gangliocytoma

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GG:

Ganglioglioma

GM:

Gray matter

GRE:

Gradient-recalled echo

IDH:

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

iMRI:

Intraoperative MRI

LDD:

Lehrmitte-Duclos disease

MAP 2 K1:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1

MB:

Medulloblastoma

MIBG:

Metaiodobenzylguanidine

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MVNT:

Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor of the cerebrum

NAA:

N-AcetylAspartate

NECT:

Non-enhanced computed tomography

NeuN:

Neuronal nuclear protein

NF-1:

Neurofibromatosis type 1

PGL:

Paraganglioma

PGNT:

Papillary glioneuronal tumor

PNET:

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homologue

PXA:

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

RGNT:

Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor

SDH:

Succinate dehydrogenase

SHH:

Sonic hedgehog

SWI:

Susceptibility-weighted imaging

TLE:

Temporal lobe epilepsy

WHO:

World Health Organisation

WM:

White matter

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (NHNN), and University College Hospital (UCH), London, UK

    Francesco Carletti

Authors
  1. Francesco Carletti
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francesco Carletti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Frederik Barkhof

  2. National Hosp.f Neurology & Neurosurgery, UCL National Hosp.f Neurology & Neurosurgery, London, UK

    Rolf Jager

  3. Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Vienna Division of Neuroradiology, Wien, Austria

    Majda Thurnher

  4. Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Vall d’Hebrón Department of Neuroradiology, Barcelona, Spain

    Alex Rovira Cañellas

Section Editor information

  1. University College London, London, UK

    Rolf Jäger

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Carletti, F. (2019). Neuronal and Mixed Glioneuronal Tumors. In: Barkhof, F., Jager, R., Thurnher, M., Rovira Cañellas, A. (eds) Clinical Neuroradiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61423-6_86-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61423-6_86-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-61423-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-61423-6

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