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Exercise Performance Impairments and Benefits of Exercise Training in Diabetes

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Diabetes and Exercise

Part of the book series: Contemporary Diabetes ((CDI))

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Abstract

There is a well-established relationship between physical activity, metabolism, diabetes, and cardiovascular (CV) risk. Numerous prospective epidemiological studies demonstrate an inverse correlation between physical activity and mortality, both CV and all-cause mortality. This association is plausible when considered in the context of the clinical benefits of physical activity to improve blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and other CV risk factors. Despite the salutary effects of exercise on glycemic control and CV risk, recent literature indicates that people with diabetes do not exercise as much as nondiabetic individuals. This avoidance of exercise is likely due to both behavioral and functional factors. A functional reason for avoidance of exercise may relate to the linkage between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impairments in both maximal and submaximal exercise performance. Behavioral factors leading to avoidance of exercise may include fear of injury as well as other diabetes-related concerns. In this chapter, we will focus on the physiological limitations in exercise performance in T2DM as the behavioral factors are outside the scope of this chapter. We will review the clinical benefits of exercise for the treatment and prevention of T2DM and the scope of impaired exercise performance in people with T2DM. In addition, we will review the general mechanisms likely to be involved in impaired exercise performance, including metabolic, CV, and skeletal muscle-related factors. Finally, we will describe the benefits of exercise training and/or increasing habitual physical activity to improve the exercise impairments related to T2DM, as well as describing the clinical benefits of regular physical activity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 E. 17th Ave, Mailstop B-180, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Amy G. Huebschmann MD, MS & Judith G. Regensteiner PhD, MA, BA

  2. Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA

    Irene E. Schauer

  3. Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Section, MS111H, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA

    Irene E. Schauer

  4. Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA

    Jane E. B. Reusch

  5. Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center (DVAMC), Denver, CO, USA

    Jane E. B. Reusch

  6. Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Timothy A. Bauer (Adjunct Assistant Professor of Medicine)

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  1. Amy G. Huebschmann MD, MS
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  2. Irene E. Schauer
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Correspondence to Amy G. Huebschmann MD, MS .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes and Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA

    Jane E. B. Reusch, MD

  2. Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

    Judith G. Regensteiner, PhD, MA, BA

  3. Clinical and Research Exercise Physiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Kerry J. Stewart, Ed.D., FAHA, MAACVPR, FACSM

  4. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Aristidis Veves, MD, DSc

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Huebschmann, A.G., Schauer, I.E., Bauer, T.A., Regensteiner, J.G., Reusch, J.E.B. (2018). Exercise Performance Impairments and Benefits of Exercise Training in Diabetes. In: Reusch, MD, J., Regensteiner, PhD, MA, BA, J., Stewart, Ed.D., FAHA, MAACVPR, FACSM , K., Veves, MD, DSc, A. (eds) Diabetes and Exercise. Contemporary Diabetes. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61013-9_6

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