Abstract
The origins of the various abnormalities of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) should be understood by any surgeon performing breast surgery in order to prevent irregularities that might avoid reconstruction. The author discusses irregularities of the NAC and methods to avoid them and correct them. No matter how hard one tries to achieve bilateral NAC symmetry, there is great difficulty in achieving equality. There always is slight asymmetry even in the normal unoperated breast.
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Shiffman, M.A. (2018). Origin of Nipple-Areolar Complex Irregularities. In: Shiffman, M. (eds) Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60925-6_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60925-6_9
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Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
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Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60925-6
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