Abstract
This work categorises current European Union legislation discussing the challenges of drug policy in the field according to the danger that NPS pose to public health and how European authorities have dealt with the challenge of an ever-expanding number of NPS available. It discusses current initiatives of tackling the problem and how the current framework has dealt with the issue in the European Union.
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Notes
- 1.
The current legal basis for the EMCDDA is Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 of 12 December 2006 on the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, OJ L 376, 27.12.2006, p. 1.
- 2.
OJ C 402, 29.12.2012, p. 1.
- 3.
OJ C 351, 30.11.2013, p. 1.
- 4.
COM(2017) 195 final.
- 5.
Framework Decision 2004/757 of 25 October 2004 laying down minimum provisions on the constituent elements of criminal acts and penalties in the field of illicit drug trafficking, OJ L 335, 11.11.2014, p. 8.
- 6.
Council Decision 2005/387 of 10 May 2005 on the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances, OJ L 127, 20.5.2005, p. 32.
- 7.
Joint Action 97/396 of 16 June 1997 concerning the information exchange, risk assessment and the control of new synthetic drugs, OJ L 167, 25.6.1997, p. 1. This instrument was adopted soon following the emergence and rapid spread of synthetic drugs such as ecstasy and amphetamines, when it became clear that EU-level action was necessary to tackle this problem.
- 8.
The UK does not participate in this EU acquis as both legal instruments have ceased to apply to the UK as of 1 December 2014. Ireland and Denmark participate in the acquis.
- 9.
Article 1(1).
- 10.
Article 1(2) and Article 6.
- 11.
Article 8 and 9.
- 12.
Article 3(a).
- 13.
Article 7(3).
- 14.
Article 2(2).
- 15.
Article 4.
- 16.
Article 5(1). Member States have 6 weeks to provide this information (Article 5(3) second subparagraph); the Decision does not fix a deadline for the EMA to provide the information.
- 17.
Article 5(5).
- 18.
Article 5(2).
- 19.
Article 6(1).
- 20.
Article 6(2).
- 21.
Article 6(3).
- 22.
Article 6(4) subparagraph 1.
- 23.
Article 6 (4) subparagraph 2. See for example EMCDDA - Europol Joint Report on MDMB-CHIMICA.
- 24.
Article 7(1).
- 25.
Article 7(2).
- 26.
Article 7(3).
- 27.
Article 8.
- 28.
Article 8(1).
- 29.
Article 8(2).
- 30.
The European Parliament is consulted and has to deliver its opinion within 3 months. European Court of Justice (2015). Joined Cases C-317/13 and C-679/13. European Court of Justice.
- 31.
Article 9(1).
- 32.
Article 9(3).
- 33.
COM(2011) 689 final.
- 34.
SWD(2013) 319 final.
- 35.
COM(2013) 619 final.
- 36.
COM(2013) 618 final.
- 37.
OJ L 127, 10.5.2005, p. 32.
- 38.
COM(2015) 185 final.
- 39.
Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EC) no 1920/2006 as regards information exchange, Early Warning System and risk assessment procedure on new psychoactive substances of 29.8.2016, COM(2016) 547 final.
- 40.
COM(2016) 710 final.
- 41.
To be inserted new Article 5c(1).
- 42.
To be inserted new Article 5c(5). Upon duly motivated request, the Commission may extend the period to provide the Risk Assessment Report.
References
Council of the European Union (2016) Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 as regards information exchange, early warning system and risk assessment procedure on new psychoactive substances and proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Framework Decision 2004/757/JHA of 25 October 2004 laying down minimum provisions on the constituent elements of criminal acts and penalties in the field of illicit drug trafficking, as regards the definition of drug – general approach. Council of the European Union. http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-14812-2016-INIT/en/pdf
European Commission (EC) (2011) Flash Eurobarometer, youth attitudes on drugs. European Commission. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_330_en.pdf
European Drugs Strategy (2013–2020) Brussels
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (2016) European Drug Report 2016. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)–Europol Joint Report on MDMB-CHMICA (PDF) (2016) European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). July 2016. doi:10.2810/08132. ISBN 978-92-9168-925-5
European Parliament (2014a) Legislative resolution of 17 April 2014 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on new psychoactive substances. European Parliament. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+TA+P7-TA-2014-0453+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN
European Parliament (2014b) Legislative resolution of 17 April 2017 on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Framework Decision 2004/757/JHA of 25 October 2004 laying down minimum provisions on the constituent elements of criminal acts and penalties in the field of illicit drug trafficking, as regards the definition of drug. European Parliament. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+TA+P7-TA-2014-0454+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN
European Parliament (2016) Report on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 as regards information exchange, early warning system and risk assessment procedure on new psychoactive substances. European Parliament. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+REPORT+A8-2016-0359+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN
European Union (2016) Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/1070 of 27 June 2016 on subjecting 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one (α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, α-PVP) on to control measures, OJ L 178, 2.7.2016, p 18
European Union (2017) Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/369 on subjecting methyl 2-[[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (MDMB-CHMICA) to control measures, OJ L 56, 3.3.2017, p 210
European Union (EU) Drugs Action Plan (2013–2016) Brussels, Official Journal of the European Union C 402, 29.12.2012, p 1
United Nations (UN) (1961) Single convention on narcotic drugs
United Nations (UN) (1971) Convention on psychotropic substances
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Stiegel, U. (2017). Legislating NPS in the European Union. In: Corazza, O., Roman-Urrestarazu, A. (eds) Novel Psychoactive Substances. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60600-2_2
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