Abstract
Acute and chronic syndromes account for ~50% of the estimated 500,000 cardiovascular deaths annually in the United States and similarly in densely populated countries as India. More than 100 years after its invention, surface electrocardiogram introduced by William Einthoven is still the most common fundamental technique and the gold standard for diagnosis, prognosis, screening and evaluating heart disease for many clinical conditions. Progress in wearable diagnostic devices have made possible low-cost, convenient and 24 × 7 point-of-care healthcare; however, their use is still limited to clinical diagnostic measurements. The main gap is the electrode placement at the correct intended location to realize high sensitivity with accurate waveform reconstruction. To achieve a precision of less than 1cm placement accuracy in precordial electrodes placement and to obtain consistent intra- and inter-observer results for avoiding wrong diagnosis, an interactive image-processing software has been developed in this work. We aim to provide a self-operable solution for placing non-contact wearable sensors without any medical assistance and generate repeatable and reproducible interpretations to get the best results.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chi, Y.M., Cauwenberghs, G.: Wireless non-contact EEG/ECG electrodes for body sensor networks. In: IEEE International Conference on Body Sensor Networks (BSN), pp. 297–301 (2010)
Goldstein, S., Medendorp, S.V., Landis, J.R., et al.: Analysis of cardiac symptoms preceding cardiac arrest. Am. J. Cardiol. 58(13), 1195–1198 (1986)
Israel, S.A., Irvine, J.M., Cheng, A., et al.: ECG to identify individuals. Pattern Recogn. 38, 133–142 (2005)
Pokharel, Y., Spertus, J.A.:Assessing and improving the quality of care in cardiovascular medicine. In: Fuster, V., Harrington, R.A., Narula, J., Eapen, Z.J. (eds.) Hurst's The Heart, 14th edn. McGraw-HillHurst, New York
Li, J., Reaven, N.L., Funk, S.E., et al.: Frequency of electrocardiographic recordings in patients presenting with angina pectoris (from the Investigation of National Coronary Disease Identification). Am. J. Cardiol. 103(312), 312–315 (2009)
Diercks, D.B., Kontos, M.C., Chan, A.Y., et al.: Utilization and impact of pre-hospital electrocardiograms for patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 53(2), 161–166 (2009)
Kerwin, A.J., McLean, R., Tegelaar, H.: A method for the accurate placement of chest electrodes in the taking of serial electrocardiographic tracings. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 82, 258–261 (1960)
ECG Maven: http://ecg.bidmc.harvard.edu
Searle, A., Kirkup, L.: A direct comparison of wet, dry and insulating bioelectric recording electrodes. Physiol. Meas. 21, 271–283 (2000)
Ganeshan, R., Ludlam, C., Francis, D., et al.: Accuracy in ECG lead placement among technicians, nurses, general physicians and cardiologists. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 62(1), 65–70 (2008)
Oosterom, A.V., Hoekema, R., Uijen, G.J.: Geometrical factors affecting the interindividual variability of the ECG and the VCG. J. Electrocardiol. 33, 219–227 (2000)
Nelwan, S.P., Kors, J.A., Meij, S.H., et al.: Reconstruction of the 12-lead electrocardiogram from reduced lead sets. J. Electrocardiol. 37, 11–18 (2004)
Rudiger, A., Hellermann, J.P., Mukherjee, R., et al.: Electrocardiographic artifacts due to electrode misplacement and their frequency in different clinical settings. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 25(2), 174–178 (2007)
McCann, K., Holdgate, A., Mohammad, R., Waddington, A.: Accuracy of ECG electrode placement by emergency department clinicians. Emerg. Med. Australas. 19(5), 442–448 (2007)
Chan, P.G., Logue, M., Kligfield, P.: Effect of right bundle branch block on electrocardiographic amplitudes, including combined voltage criteria used for the detection of left ventricular hypertrophy. Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 11(3), 230–236 (2006)
Ang, D.S.C., Lang, C.C.: The prognostic value of the ECG in hypertension: where are we now? J. Hum. Hypertens. 22, 460–467 (2008)
Okin, P.M., Devereux, R.B., Nieminen, M.S., et al.: Electrocardiographic strain pattern and prediction of new onset congestive heart failure in hypertensive patients: the Losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. Circulation 113, 67–73 (2006)
Hurst, J.W.: Switched precordial leads. Circulation 101(24), 2870–2871 (2000)
EMGU Software: http://www.emgu.com/wiki/index.php/Code_Reference
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by WSU Office of Research and by Chhattisgarh Government Department of Science and Technology, India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Shashank, K., Arslan Ay, S., Fulzele, A., Ram, R.C., Hu, H., Gupta, S. (2018). Precise Placement of Precordial Electrodes with +/−0.5 cm Accuracy for Recording ECG in Self-operable Diagnostic Devices. In: Duffy, V., Lightner, N. (eds) Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics in Healthcare and Medical Devices. AHFE 2017. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 590. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60483-1_55
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60483-1_55
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60482-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60483-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)