Abstract
This research aimed to determine the effects of cow manure and chicken manure on the abundance of soil fauna and N uptake by rice as well as determining the best dose of fertilizer for plant treatment in early conversion of conventional to organic farming. Soil sampling was done three times: before planting and in the vegetative and generative phases of the plant. The abundance of soil fauna observed were earthworms and nematodes (parasitic and nonparasitic), and soil respiration was also observed. Earthworm population abundance was observed with ring samples of PVC, parasitic and nonparasitic nematodes were observed with a modified Whitehead tray technique, and soil respiration was observed by measuring the CO2 in sealed bottles. Total soil N content was analyzed by the Kjeldahl method, available soil N was analyzed by the Cottenie method, and total N in plant tissue was analyzed by wet digestion with sulfuric acid and peroxide acid. The results of this research showed that cow manure and chicken manure significantly affected the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil, total soil N, abundance of worms, abundance of nonparasitic nematodes, soil respiration, N uptake by rice in the vegetative and generative phases, and rice production. The combination of the type and dose of fertilizer based on N uptake in the vegetative and generative phases, as well as plant height and the number of clumps, showed that treatment P3D3 (cow manure 5 t · ha−1 + chicken manure 5 t · ha−1) was optimal in the beginning of conversion from conventional to organic farming systems, with productivity reaching 2.04 t · ha−1.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhang, H., et al.: Study on the modified triphenyl tetrazolium chloride-dehydrogenase activity (TTC-DHA) method in determination of bioactivity in the up-flow aerated bio-activated carbon filter. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5(2), 181–188 (2006)
Balai Penelitian Tanah.: Petunjuk Teknis Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air dan Pupuk. [Technical Guidelines for Chemical Analysis Soil, Plant, Water and Fertilizers]. Balai Penelitian Tanah, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian, Bogor. [Soil Research Institute, Agency for Agricultural Research and Development. Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor] (2009) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Hartatik, W., et al.: Perubahan Sifat Kimia dan Ameliorasi Sawah Bukaan Baru, Lahan Sawah Bukaan Baru. [Changes in Chemical Properties and Amelioration Aperture, Aperture New Wetland]. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Bogor. [Research and Development of Land Resources, Bogor] (2007) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Djaenudin, D., et al.: Petunjuk Teknis Evaluasi Lahan untuk Komoditas Pertanian. [Technical Guidelines for Evaluation of Land for Agricultural Commodities]. Balai Penelitian Tanah, Puslitbang Tanah, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Bogor. [Soil Research Institute, Centre for Research and Development of Land, Agricultural Research and Development Agency, Bogor] (2003) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Mukhlis and Fauzi.:. Pergerakan Unsur Hara Nitrogen dalam Tanah. [Movement of Nitrogen in Soil]. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara. [Faculty of Agriculture University of Northern Sumatra] (2003) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Anonim. Permentan Number: 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. http://perundangan.pertanian.go.id/admin/file/Permentan-70-11.pdf. (2011). Accessed 20 Dec 2016
Indriyati, L. T.: Transformasi Nitrogen dalam Tanah Tergenang: Aplikasi Jerami Padi dan Urea serta Hubungannya dengan Serapan Nitrogen dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi. [Nitrogen Transformations in Flooded Land: Applications Rice Straw and Urea and Relationship with Nitrogen Uptake and Growth of Rice]. Disertasi, Institut Pertanian Bogor. [Dissertation, Bogor Agricultural Institute] (2006) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Jamilah.: Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Kandang dan Kelengasan Terhadap Perubahan Bahan Organik dan Nitrogen Total Entisol. [Effect of Manure and Humidity on Changes in Organic Matter and Total Nitrogen]. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara. [Faculty of Agriculture University of Northern Sumatra] (2003) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Tan, K. H.: Dasar-dasar Kimia Tanah. [Fundamental of Soil Chemistry]. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta (1991) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Setyorini, D., et al.: Pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Hayati. [Organic Fertilizer and Biological Fertilizer]. Balai Besar Litbang Sumber Daya Lahan Pertanian Badan Penelitian Pengembangan Pertanian. Bogor. [The Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development, Bogor] (2006) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Dobermann, A., Fairhust, T.: Rice, Nutrient Disorders and Nutrient Management. IRRI and Potash and Phosphate Institute of Canada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (2002)
Minnich, Y.: The Earthworm Book. Press Emnous, Rodale Britania (1997)
Adianto, et al.: Pengaruh inokulasi cacing tanah Terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman kacang hijau. [Effect of earthworm inoculation on physical and chemical soil and plant growth green beans]. Jurnal Matematika dan Sains. 9(1), 175–182 (2004) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Schmitt, P.P.: Preliminary and advanced evaluation of nematicides. In: Sasser, J.N., Carter, C.C. (eds.) An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne. Vol. I. Biology and Control North Carolina State University, pp. 241–246. Graphics. Raleigh, North Caroline (1985)
Baliadi, Y.: Pengendalian Penyakit Puru Akar yang Disebabkan oleh Nematoda Meloidogyne javanica pada Tanaman Kedelai Secara Non Kimiawi. [Puru Root Disease Control Caused by Nematode Meloidogyne javanica on Soybean In Non Chemical Plant]. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-umbian. [Crops Research Institute for Legumes and Tuber] (1997) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Briar, S. S.: Nematodes as bioindicators of soil food web health in agroecosystems: a critical analysis. Dissertation, The Ohio State University (2007)
Alexander, M.: Introduction to Soil Microbiology. Wiley, New York (1971)
Fitri, F. M.: Hubungan respirasi mikrobia dengan aktifitas fotomonoesterase dan karboksimetilselulase tanah pada berbagai tingkat kebakaran hutan. [Microbial respiration relationship with fotomonoesterase and carboxymethyl cellulase activity land at different levels of forest fires]. Skripsi, Jurusan Kimia FMIPA IPB. [Thesis, Department of Chemistry Bogor Agricultural Institute] (2002) (in Bahasa Indoneia)
Rauf, A. W., et al.: Peranan Pupuk NPK pada Tanaman Padi. [The role of NPK Fertilizer on Rice]. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Irian Jaya. [Agency for Agricultural Research and Development Irian Jaya] (2000) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Yoshida, S.: Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science. IRRI. Los Banos, Laguna (1981)
Tisdale, S.I., Nelson, W.I.: Soil Fertility and Fertilizer. MacMillan Publishing Company, New York (1975)
Hartatik, W., L. R. Widowati.: Pupuk Kandang. [Manure].. http://www.balittanah.litbang.deptan.go.id. (2010). Accessed 4 Oct 2016. [in Bahasa Indonesia]
Marsono: Pupuk Akar dan Jenis Aplikasi. [Roots and Type of Fertilizer Application]. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta (2004) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Samekto, R.: Pupuk Kandang. [Manure]. PT. Citra Aji Parama, Yogyakarta (2006) (in Bahasa Indonesia)
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Research and Higher Education, which provided funds in the form of Excellent Research Grant Colleges (PUPT Colleges Number Contract 015/SP2H/LT/DRPM/II/2016, February 17, 2016).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Utami, A.I., Utami, S.N.H., Indarti, S. (2017). Influence of Cow and Chicken Manure on Soil Fauna Abundance and N Uptake by Rice in Conversion from Conventional to Organic Farming System. In: Isnansetyo, A., Nuringtyas, T. (eds) Proceeding of the 1st International Conference on Tropical Agriculture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60363-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60363-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60362-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-60363-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)