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Endothelial Progenitor Cell Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Complications of Diabetes

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Mechanisms of Vascular Defects in Diabetes Mellitus

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 17))

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose, is one of the main risk factors in the development of vascular complications affecting both large and small blood vessels. A major challenge is the discovery of new mediators and biomarkers for diabetes-related vascular complications. In this regard, accumulating evidence indicate that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), derived from the bone marrow and peripheral blood, are critical for the maintenance and regeneration of endothelial cells contributing to repair and restoration of vascular wall integrity. The studies reveal that the reduced number of circulating EPCs under diabetic conditions can predict cardiovascular outcomes, and EPC dysfunction could contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes – associated vascular disease.

This chapter discusses the EPC dysfunction in relationship to vascular complications of diabetes, highlighting the pathophysiology of diabetic vascular complications, mechanisms leading to EPC dysfunction in diabetes and diabetic vascular complications, significance of EPCs in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of diabetes and potential therapeutic implications of EPCs in diabetes-associated vascular complications. In particular, to understand the EPC significance in diabetes, the effects of hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, insulin like growth factor 1, nitric oxide, oxidative stress, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, inflammation, and of altered microRNA expression on the EPC dysfunctionality have been considered.

A comprehensive knowledge of EPC role in all diabetic complications may help to develop new research strategies to demonstrate and consolidate their clinical relevance so that they become diagnostic biomarkers and pharmacological targets to prevent and treat diabetes-related vascular complications. Increasing the number and functional capacity of EPCs by different approaches may favorably modify the risk for cardiovascular complications and survival for people suffering from diabetes.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by grants of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project numbers: PN-II-RU-TE-2014-4-0525, PN-II-RU-TE-2014-4-0523 and PN-II-PT-PCCA-2013-4-0816.

Also, authors’ work is supported by: the Romanian Academy; the Competitiveness Operational Programme 2014-2020, Priority Axis 1/Action 1.1.4/Financing Contract no.115/13.09.2016/MySMIS:104362; the MODERNIZE project infrastructure, funded by the National Authority of Scientific Research and Innovation, in the name of the Ministry of European Funds, through the Operational Program Increase of Economic Competitiveness, Priority axis 2, Operation 2.2.1 (POSCCE-A2- 0.2.2.1- 2013-1), co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund.

Disclosure of Conflict of Interests

The authors state that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania

    Nicoleta Alexandru, Irina Titorencu & Adriana Georgescu Ph.D. Habil

  2. Internal Medicine Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

    Sabina Frunzã, Emma Weiss & Elisabeta Bãdilã M.D., Ph.D., FESC, FESH

  3. ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

    Emma Weiss & Elisabeta Bãdilã M.D., Ph.D., FESC, FESH

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  1. Nicoleta Alexandru
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  2. Irina Titorencu
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  4. Emma Weiss
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  5. Elisabeta Bãdilã M.D., Ph.D., FESC, FESH
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Correspondence to Elisabeta Bãdilã M.D., Ph.D., FESC, FESH or Adriana Georgescu Ph.D. Habil .

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  1. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    C.C. Kartha

  2. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    Surya Ramachandran

  3. Translational Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    Radhakrishna M. Pillai

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Alexandru, N., Titorencu, I., Frunzã, S., Weiss, E., Bãdilã, E., Georgescu, A. (2017). Endothelial Progenitor Cell Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Complications of Diabetes. In: Kartha, C., Ramachandran, S., Pillai, R. (eds) Mechanisms of Vascular Defects in Diabetes Mellitus. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60324-7_8

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