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Neurotoxicity of Vanadium

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Neurotoxicity of Metals

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 18))

Abstract

Vanadium (V) is a transition metal that presents in multiple oxidation states and numerous inorganic compounds and is also an ultra-trace element considered to be essential for most living organisms. Despite being one of the lightest metals, V offers high structural strength and good corrosion resistance and thus has been widely adopted for high-strength steel manufacturing. High doses of V exposure are toxic, and inhalation exposure to V adversely affects the respiratory system. The neurotoxicological properties of V are just beginning to be identified. Recent studies by our group and others demonstrate the neurotoxic potential of this metal in the nigrostriatal system and other parts of the central nervous system (CNS). The neurotoxic effects of V have been mainly attributed to its ability to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is noteworthy that the neurotoxicity induced by occupational V exposure commonly occurs with co-exposure to other metals, especially manganese (Mn). This review focuses on the chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and neurotoxicity of V.

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Acknowledgment

This chapter was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants ES10586 and ES26892. The W. Eugene and Linda Lloyd Endowed Chair for AGK is also acknowledged. We thank Gary Zenitsky for assistance in preparing this chapter.

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  1. Parkinson’s Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 College of Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Hilary Afeseh Ngwa, Muhammet Ay, Huajun Jin, Vellareddy Anantharam, Arthi Kanthasamy & Anumantha G. Kanthasamy

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  1. Hilary Afeseh Ngwa
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Correspondence to Anumantha G. Kanthasamy .

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  1. Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA

    Michael Aschner

  2. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Lucio G. Costa

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Ngwa, H.A., Ay, M., Jin, H., Anantharam, V., Kanthasamy, A., Kanthasamy, A.G. (2017). Neurotoxicity of Vanadium. In: Aschner, M., Costa, L. (eds) Neurotoxicity of Metals. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_14

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