Abstract
Specification and analysis of complex systems can be approached top-down or bottom-up [11]. A top-down approach conceptualises a system using a global state and the behaviour represented using an aggregated macro-behaviour of the system elements. For example, the System Dynamics (SD) model [8] uses the concepts of stocks, flows, feedback loops and time delays. A top-down approach considers a reductionist view [10] to understand system using the mathematical rigour from operational research, optimization theory, and sophisticated AI algorithms. A bottom-up approach, in contrast, considers the micro-behaviour of individual elements and their interactions. Conceptually, the bottom-up approach relies on emergentism [9] as advocated in actor model of computation [1], and agent-based systems [6].
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Clark, T., Kulkarni, V., Barat, S., Barn, B. (2017). ESL: An Actor-Based Platform for Developing Emergent Behaviour Organisation Simulations. In: Demazeau, Y., Davidsson, P., Bajo, J., Vale, Z. (eds) Advances in Practical Applications of Cyber-Physical Multi-Agent Systems: The PAAMS Collection. PAAMS 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10349. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59930-4_27
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