Abstract
There has been a growing need for the use of information and decision-making systems in evacuation planning as a part of emergency management in order to reduce as, many losses as possible. To minimize damage, an accurate and effective evacuation plan that gives more than one evacuation path considering the changing road conditions in minimal time is imperative. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Decision-Support Systems (DSS), and shortest-path algorithms as a solution for this problem is the subject of this chapter. A framework for providing preparedness and response plans after an emergency event occurs is proposed. The plan provided by the proposed framework includes a calculated degree of hazard posed by that event (three emergency models are incorporated), the radius of affected area (a spatial overlay to draw a buffer zone is conducted), identification of all safe destinations, and the best alternative paths for evacuation from inside the buffer zone to safe destinations based on the dynamic road conditions displayed on the map. To identify all of the safe destinations and obtain the best alternatives, a graph theory–based model is proposed based on a developed algorithm to get everyone the closest safe destinations. Dijkstra’s algorithm is executed from a single source inside the buffer to all identified safe destinations resulting in the minimum travel time path and other alternative paths displayed on the map. To evaluate the proposed framework, a GIS-based evacuation-planning (G-BEP) prototype is implemented. The prototype is tested with different emergency types, different variables, and different street maps. The prototype is also found to respond differently based on the dynamic road conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ebada R, Mesbah S, Kosba E, Mahar K (2012) A GIS-based DSS for evacuation planning. ICCTA. Alexandria, Egypt, pp 35–40
Cova TJ (1999) GIS in emergency management. In: Longley PA, Goodchild MF, Maguire DJ, Rhind DW (eds) Geographical information systems: principles, techniques, applications, and management. Wiley, New York, pp 845–858, Published
Drabek TE, Hoetmer GJ (1991) Emergency management: principles and practice for local government. International City Management Association, Washington DC
ESRI (2008) Geographic information systems providing the platform for comprehensive emergency management. ESRI, New York, Published
ESRI (2000) Challenges for GIS in emergency preparedness and response. ESRI, New York, Published
Bo Y, Yong-gang W, Cheng W (2009) A multi-agent and GIS based Simulation for emergency evacuation in park and public square. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Tao C, Hong-yong Y, Rui Y, Jianguo C (2008) Integration of GIS and computational models for emergency management. Center for Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R.China
Li Y, Yao L, Hu H (2010) Development and application of GIS-based multi-model system for risk assessment of geological hazards. Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
Song W, Zhu L, Li Q, Liu Y, Dong Y (2009) Evacuation model and application for emergency events. Tianjin Polytechnical University
Jian-guo W, Jian-long Z (2009) Research and development on the expressway emergency response system based on GIS. School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science& Technology, Changsha, China
Zhao H, Mao H (2009) Highway emergency response system based on GIS-T. School of Automobile Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China
Hormdee D, Kanarkard W, Taweepworadej W (2006) Risk management for chemical emergency system based on GIS and Decision Support System (DSS). Department of Computer Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Zhichong Z, Yaowu W (2009) Framework of spatial decision support system for large-scale public building evacuation. Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
Ling A, Li X, Fan W, An N, Zhan J, Li L, Sha Y (2009) Blue arrow: a web-based spatially-enabled decision support system for emergency evacuation planning. School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
Zhu L, Song W, Li Q (2009) Construction of emergency decision system based on GIS. Tianjin Polytechnical University, Tianjin, China
Wenjing M, Yingzhuo X, Hui X (2009) The optimal path algorithm for emergency rescue for drilling accidents. Institute of Computer Technology, Xi’an Shiyou University, Shannxi, China
Shashikiran V, Kumar TS, Kumar NS, Venkateswaran V, Balaji S (2011) Dynamic road traffic management based on Krushkal’s algorithm. Department Of Computer Science, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, India
Yuanzhe X, Zixun W, Qingqing Z, Zhiyong H (2012) The application of Dijkstra’s algorithm in the intelligent fire evacuation system. Polytechnic Engineering, QiongZhou University, Sanya, China
Pettie W (2002) A new approach to all-pairs shortest paths on real-weighted graphs. Theoret Comput Sci 312(1):47–74
Banks JH (1991) Two capacity phenomenon at freeway bottlenecks: a basis for ramp metering? Transp Res Rec 1320:83–90
Rothermel RC (1972) A Matrematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels. Intermountain Forest And Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ogden, Utah 84401, USA
Willis C, Wilgen BV, Tolhurst K, Everson C, D’Abreton P, Pero L, Fleming G (2001) The development of a national fire danger rating system for South Africa. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Pretoria, Pretoria
Carvill Hurrican Index Whitepaper, http://www.cmegroup.com/trading/weather/files/Hurricane-CHIWhitepaper.pdf. Last accessed 25 Aug 2014
Saradjian MR, Akhoondzadeh M (2011) Prediction of the date, magnitude and affected area of impending strong earthquakes using integration of multi precursors earthquake parameters. Remote Sensing Division, Surveying and Geomatics Engineering Department, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran, Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union, doi:10.5194/nhess-11-1109-2011
ESRI (2004) Network dataset defined. Available: http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help./index.html#//004700000007000000. Last accessed 25 Aug 2014
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mohamed, R.E., Kosba, E., Mahar, K., Mesbah, S. (2018). A Framework for Emergency-Evacuation Planning Using GIS and DSS. In: Popovich, V., Schrenk, M., Thill, JC., Claramunt, C., Wang, T. (eds) Information Fusion and Intelligent Geographic Information Systems (IF&IGIS'17). Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59539-9_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59539-9_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59538-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59539-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)