Abstract
The concept of vulnerability is essential when aiming to understand the societal construction of disasters. However, definitions and concepts vary between different research fields and disciplines. The concept of vulnerability can explain why similar hazards and extreme events, such as severe earthquakes, storms or floods, can have quite different adverse consequences for different communities, societies and infrastructures exposed and impacted. Examining differential vulnerabilities within disaster risks is key when aiming to develop strategies for disaster risk management and adaptation to extreme events. The discourse of disaster vulnerability has not developed within a very coordinated way; rather, vulnerability has emerged within different schools of thought, and solely in the past two decades, major integration and cross-coordination have taken place. This chapter outlines selected concepts and definitions of vulnerability and examines the nexus between vulnerability and urbanisation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adger, W.N., T.P. Hughes, C. Folke, S.R. Carpenter, and J. Rockstrom. 2005. Social-Ecological Resilience to Coastal Disasters. Science 309: 1036–1039.
Allenby, B., and J. Fink. 2005. Towards Inherently Secure and Resilient Societies. Science 309: 1034–1036.
Birkmann, J., ed. 2013. Measuring Vulnerability to Natural Hazards—Towards Disaster Resilient Societies, Tokyo, Second Edition. New York and Paris: United Nations University Press.
Birkmann, J., O.D. Cardona, M.L. Carreño, A.H. Barbat, M. Pelling, S. Schneiderbauer, S. Kienberger, et al. 2014. Framing Vulnerability, Risk and Societal Responses: The MOVE Framework. Natural Hazards 67 (2): 193–211.
Birkmann, J., S. Greiving, and O. Serdeczny. 2017. Das Assessment von Vulnerabilitäten, Risiken und Unsicherheiten. In Klimawandel in Deutschland—Entwicklung, Folgen, Risiken und Perspektiven, ed. G. Brasseur, D. Jakob, and S. Schuck-Zöller, 267–276. Berlin: Springer.
———. 2016. The WorldRiskIndex 2016: Reveals the Necessity for Regional Cooperation in Vulnerability Reduction. Journal of Extreme Events 3 (1). http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S2345737616500056?src=recsys
Birkmann, J., T. Welle, D. Krause, J. Wolfertz, D. Suarez, and N. Setiadi. 2011. World Risk Index: Concept and Results. In WorldRiskReport, 13–43. Berlin: Alliance Development Works. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/21709_worldriskreport2011.pdf
Birkmann, J., T. Welle, W. Solecki, S. Lwasa, and M. Garschagen. 2016a. Boost Resilience of Small and Mid-Sized Cities—Smaller Settlements are Growing Faster than Megacities—And They Need More Protection from Extreme Events. Nature 537: 605–608.
———. 2016b. Supplement to the Nature Article: Boost Resilience of Small and Mid-Sized Cities—Smaller Settlements are Growing Faster than Megacities—And They Need More Protection from Extreme Events. Nature 537: 605–608.
Blaikie, P., T. Cannon, I. Davis, and B. Wisner. 1994. At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability, and Disasters. 1st ed. London: Routledge.
Bogardi, J., and J. Birkmann. 2004. Vulnerability Assessment: The First Step Towards Sustainable Risk Reduction. In Disaster and Society—From Hazard Assessment to Risk Reduction, ed. D. Malzahn and T. Plapp, 75–82. Berlin: Logos Verlag Berlin.
Bohle, H.-G. 2001. Vulnerability and Criticality: Perspectives from Social Geography, IHDP Update 2/2001, Newsletter of the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change, 1–7.
———. 2002a. Editorial: The Geography of Vulnerable Food Systems. Die Erde 133 (4): 341–344.
———. 2002b. Land Degradation and Human Security. In Environment and Human Security—Contributions to a Workshop in Bonn, 23–25 October 2002, Bonn, ed. E.J. Plate, 3/1–3/6.
Bollin, C., C. Cardenas, H. Hahn, and K.S. Vatsa. 2003. Natural Disaster Network; Disaster Risk Management by Communities and Local Governments. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. http://www.iadb.org/sds/doc/GTZ%2DStudyFinal.pdf.
Cannon, T., J. Twigg, and J. Rowell. 2003. Social Vulnerability. Sustainable Livelihoods and Disasters, Report to DFID Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance Department (CHAD) and Sustainable Livelihoods Support Office. http://www.benfieldhrc.org/disaster_studies/projects/soc_vuln_sust_live.pdf.
Cardona, O.D. 1999. Environmental Management and Disaster Prevention: Two Related Topics: A Holistic Risk Assessment and Management Approach. In Natural Disaster Management, ed. J. Ingleton. London: Tudor Rose.
———. 2001. Estimacio´n Holı´stica del Riesgo Sı´smico Utilizando Sistemas Dina´micos Complejos. Barcelona: Technical University of Catalonia. http://www.desenredando.org/public/varios/2001/ehrisusd/index.html.
———. 2004. The Need for Rethinking the Concepts of Vulnerability and Risk from a Holistic Perspective: A Necessary Review and Criticism for Effective Risk Management. In Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People, ed. G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, and D. Hilhorst. London: Earthscan. Chapter 3.
Cardona, O.D., and A.H. Barbat. 2000. El Riesgo Sı´smico y su Prevencio´n, Cuaderno Te´ cnico 5. Madrid: Calidad Sideru´ rgica.
Carreno, M.L., O.D. Cardona, and A.H. Barbat. 2004. Metodologı´a para la Evaluacion del Desempen˜o de la Gestio´n del Riesgo, Monografı´as CIMNE. Barcelona: Technical University of Catalonia.
———. 2005a. Urban Seismic Risk Evaluation: A Holistic Approach, 250th Anniversary of Lisbon Earthquake, Lisbon.
———. 2005b. Sistema de Indicadores para la Evaluacio´n de Riesgos, Monografı´a CIMNE IS-52. Barcelona: Technical University of Catalonia.
Chambers, R. 1989. Editorial Introduction: Vulnerability, Coping and Policy. IDS Bulletin 20 (2): 1–7.
Cutter, S.L., B.J. Boruff, and W.L. Shirley. 2003. Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards. Social Sciences Quarterly 84 (2): 242–261.
Davidson, R. 1997. An Urban Earthquake Disaster Risk Index. Report No. 121. Department of Civil Engineering, The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center. Stanford: Stanford University.
Downing, T., J. Aerts, J. Soussan, S. Bharwani, C. Ionescu, J. Hinkel, R. Klein, et al. 2006. Integrating Social Vulnerability into Water Management. Climate Change. https://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/projects/projects-archive/favaia/pubs/downing_etal_2005.pdf.
Green, C. 2004. The Evaluation of Vulnerability to Flooding. Disaster Prevention and Management 13 (4): 323–329.
Hilhorst, D., and G. Bankoff. 2004. Introduction: Mapping Vulnerability. In Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People, ed. G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, and D. Hilhorst. London: Earthscan.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2012. Managing the Risk of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. Geneva: IPCC-SREX Report.
———. 2014. Climate Change 2014: Impact Adaptation and Venerability. Geneva: WG2 AR5 Summary for Policymakers.
Kraas, F. 2003. Megacities as Global Risk Areas. Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen 147 (4): 6–15.
Luers, A.L. 2005. The Surface of Vulnerability: An Analytic Framework for Examining Environmental Change. Global Environmental Change 15: 214–223.
Maskrey, A. 1993. Vulnerability Accumulation in Peripheral Regions in Latin America: The Challenge for Disaster Prevention and Management. In Natural Disasters: Protecting Vulnerable Communities, IDNDR, ed. P.A. Merriman and C.W. Browitt. Thomas Telford: London.
Miller, F., H. Osbahr, E. Boyd, F. Thomalla, S. Bharwani, G. Ziervogel, B. Walker, et al. 2010. Resilience and Vulnerability: Complementary or Conflicting Concepts? Ecology and Society 15 (3): 11.
MunichRe. 2004. Megacities—Megarisks: Trends and Challenges for Insurance and Risk Management. Munich: Munich Re Group.
O’Neill, B., E. Kriegler, K. Ebi, E. Kemp-Benedict, K. Riahi, D. Rothmann, B. van Ruijven, et al. 2015. The Roads Ahead: Narratives for Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Describing World Futures in the 21st Century. Global Environmental Change. http://www.pardee.du.edu/sites/default/files/O%27Neill%20et%20al%202015%20-%20The%20Roads%20Ahead.pdf.
Pelling, M. 2003. The Vulnerability of Cities: Social Resilience and Natural Disaster. London: Earthscan.
Renaud, F., K. Sudmeier-Rieux, and M. Estrella, eds. 2013. The Role of Ecosystems in Disaster Risk Reduction. Tokyo: UNU-Press.
Renn, O. 2008. Risk Governance. Coping with Uncertainty in a Complex World. London: Earthscan.
———. 2017. Übergreifende Risiken und Unsicherheiten. In Klimawandel in Deutschland—Entwicklung, Folgen, Risiken und Perspektiven, ed. G. Brasseur, D. Jakob, and S. Schuck-Zöller, 295–303. Berlin: Springer.
Renn, O., and K. Walker. 2008. Global Risk Governance. Concept and Practice Using the IRGC Framework, International Risk Governance Council Bookseries 1. Heidelberg: Springer.
Schneider, A., M.A. Friedl, and D. Potere. 2009. A New Map of Global Urban Extent from MODIS Data. Environmental Research Letters 4: article 044003.
———. 2010. Mapping Urban Areas Globally Using MODIS 500m Data: New Methods and Datasets Based on Urban Ecoregions. Remote Sensing of Environment 114: 1733–1746.
Schneiderbauer, S., and D. Ehrlich. 2004. Risk, Hazard and People’s Vulnerability to Natural Hazards: A Review of Definitions, Concepts and Data. Brussels: European Commission–Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC).
Turner, B.L., R.E. Kasperson, P.A. Matson, J.J. McCarthy, R.W. Corell, L. Christensen, N. Eckley, et al. 2003. A Framework for Vulnerability Analysis in Sustainability Science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (14): 8074–8079.
UN (United Nations). 2005. Hyogo Framework for Action, Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. New York: Kobe.
———. 2015. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. New York: Sendai.
UN-Habitat. 2003. The Challenge of Slums, Global Report on Human Settlements. London and Sterling, VA: United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Earthscan Publications Ltd.
UN/ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction). 2004. Living with Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives, 2004 Version. Geneva: UN Publications.
van Dillen, S. 2004. Different Choices: Assessing Vulnerability in a South Indian Village. In Studien zur geographischen Entwicklungsforschung, Band 29. Saarbruecken: Verlag für Entwicklungspolitik.
Villagran de Leon, J.C. 2004. Manual para la estimacio´n cuantitativa de riesgosasociados a diversas amenazas. Guatemala: Acción Contra el Hambre, ACH.
Vogel, C., and K. O’Brien. 2004. Vulnerability and Global Environmental Change: Rhetoric and Reality. AVISO 13. http://folk.uio.no/karenob/publications.html
Welle, T., and J. Birkmann. 2015. The World Risk Index. Journal of Extreme Events (JOEE) 2 (1). http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscinet/joee; https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joern_Birkmann2/publications
Wisner, B., P. Blaikie, T. Cannon, and I. Davis. 2004. At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability, and Disasters. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Birkmann, J., Sorg, L., Welle, T. (2017). Disaster Vulnerability. In: Pompella, M., Scordis, N. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Unconventional Risk Transfer. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59297-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59297-8_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59296-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59297-8
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)