Skip to main content

Disaster Vulnerability

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of Unconventional Risk Transfer

Abstract

The concept of vulnerability is essential when aiming to understand the societal construction of disasters. However, definitions and concepts vary between different research fields and disciplines. The concept of vulnerability can explain why similar hazards and extreme events, such as severe earthquakes, storms or floods, can have quite different adverse consequences for different communities, societies and infrastructures exposed and impacted. Examining differential vulnerabilities within disaster risks is key when aiming to develop strategies for disaster risk management and adaptation to extreme events. The discourse of disaster vulnerability has not developed within a very coordinated way; rather, vulnerability has emerged within different schools of thought, and solely in the past two decades, major integration and cross-coordination have taken place. This chapter outlines selected concepts and definitions of vulnerability and examines the nexus between vulnerability and urbanisation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adger, W.N., T.P. Hughes, C. Folke, S.R. Carpenter, and J. Rockstrom. 2005. Social-Ecological Resilience to Coastal Disasters. Science 309: 1036–1039.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allenby, B., and J. Fink. 2005. Towards Inherently Secure and Resilient Societies. Science 309: 1034–1036.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkmann, J., ed. 2013. Measuring Vulnerability to Natural Hazards—Towards Disaster Resilient Societies, Tokyo, Second Edition. New York and Paris: United Nations University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birkmann, J., O.D. Cardona, M.L. Carreño, A.H. Barbat, M. Pelling, S. Schneiderbauer, S. Kienberger, et al. 2014. Framing Vulnerability, Risk and Societal Responses: The MOVE Framework. Natural Hazards 67 (2): 193–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkmann, J., S. Greiving, and O. Serdeczny. 2017. Das Assessment von Vulnerabilitäten, Risiken und Unsicherheiten. In Klimawandel in Deutschland—Entwicklung, Folgen, Risiken und Perspektiven, ed. G. Brasseur, D. Jakob, and S. Schuck-Zöller, 267–276. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2016. The WorldRiskIndex 2016: Reveals the Necessity for Regional Cooperation in Vulnerability Reduction. Journal of Extreme Events 3 (1). http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S2345737616500056?src=recsys

  • Birkmann, J., T. Welle, D. Krause, J. Wolfertz, D. Suarez, and N. Setiadi. 2011. World Risk Index: Concept and Results. In WorldRiskReport, 13–43. Berlin: Alliance Development Works. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/21709_worldriskreport2011.pdf

  • Birkmann, J., T. Welle, W. Solecki, S. Lwasa, and M. Garschagen. 2016a. Boost Resilience of Small and Mid-Sized Cities—Smaller Settlements are Growing Faster than Megacities—And They Need More Protection from Extreme Events. Nature 537: 605–608.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2016b. Supplement to the Nature Article: Boost Resilience of Small and Mid-Sized Cities—Smaller Settlements are Growing Faster than Megacities—And They Need More Protection from Extreme Events. Nature 537: 605–608.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaikie, P., T. Cannon, I. Davis, and B. Wisner. 1994. At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability, and Disasters. 1st ed. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogardi, J., and J. Birkmann. 2004. Vulnerability Assessment: The First Step Towards Sustainable Risk Reduction. In Disaster and Society—From Hazard Assessment to Risk Reduction, ed. D. Malzahn and T. Plapp, 75–82. Berlin: Logos Verlag Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohle, H.-G. 2001. Vulnerability and Criticality: Perspectives from Social Geography, IHDP Update 2/2001, Newsletter of the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2002a. Editorial: The Geography of Vulnerable Food Systems. Die Erde 133 (4): 341–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2002b. Land Degradation and Human Security. In Environment and Human Security—Contributions to a Workshop in Bonn, 23–25 October 2002, Bonn, ed. E.J. Plate, 3/1–3/6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollin, C., C. Cardenas, H. Hahn, and K.S. Vatsa. 2003. Natural Disaster Network; Disaster Risk Management by Communities and Local Governments. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. http://www.iadb.org/sds/doc/GTZ%2DStudyFinal.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, T., J. Twigg, and J. Rowell. 2003. Social Vulnerability. Sustainable Livelihoods and Disasters, Report to DFID Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance Department (CHAD) and Sustainable Livelihoods Support Office. http://www.benfieldhrc.org/disaster_studies/projects/soc_vuln_sust_live.pdf.

  • Cardona, O.D. 1999. Environmental Management and Disaster Prevention: Two Related Topics: A Holistic Risk Assessment and Management Approach. In Natural Disaster Management, ed. J. Ingleton. London: Tudor Rose.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2001. Estimacio´n Holı´stica del Riesgo Sı´smico Utilizando Sistemas Dina´micos Complejos. Barcelona: Technical University of Catalonia. http://www.desenredando.org/public/varios/2001/ehrisusd/index.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2004. The Need for Rethinking the Concepts of Vulnerability and Risk from a Holistic Perspective: A Necessary Review and Criticism for Effective Risk Management. In Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People, ed. G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, and D. Hilhorst. London: Earthscan. Chapter 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardona, O.D., and A.H. Barbat. 2000. El Riesgo Sı´smico y su Prevencio´n, Cuaderno Te´ cnico 5. Madrid: Calidad Sideru´ rgica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carreno, M.L., O.D. Cardona, and A.H. Barbat. 2004. Metodologı´a para la Evaluacion del DesempenËœo de la Gestio´n del Riesgo, Monografı´as CIMNE. Barcelona: Technical University of Catalonia.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005a. Urban Seismic Risk Evaluation: A Holistic Approach, 250th Anniversary of Lisbon Earthquake, Lisbon.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005b. Sistema de Indicadores para la Evaluacio´n de Riesgos, Monografı´a CIMNE IS-52. Barcelona: Technical University of Catalonia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, R. 1989. Editorial Introduction: Vulnerability, Coping and Policy. IDS Bulletin 20 (2): 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cutter, S.L., B.J. Boruff, and W.L. Shirley. 2003. Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards. Social Sciences Quarterly 84 (2): 242–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, R. 1997. An Urban Earthquake Disaster Risk Index. Report No. 121. Department of Civil Engineering, The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center. Stanford: Stanford University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downing, T., J. Aerts, J. Soussan, S. Bharwani, C. Ionescu, J. Hinkel, R. Klein, et al. 2006. Integrating Social Vulnerability into Water Management. Climate Change. https://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/projects/projects-archive/favaia/pubs/downing_etal_2005.pdf.

  • Green, C. 2004. The Evaluation of Vulnerability to Flooding. Disaster Prevention and Management 13 (4): 323–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hilhorst, D., and G. Bankoff. 2004. Introduction: Mapping Vulnerability. In Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People, ed. G. Bankoff, G. Frerks, and D. Hilhorst. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2012. Managing the Risk of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. Geneva: IPCC-SREX Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2014. Climate Change 2014: Impact Adaptation and Venerability. Geneva: WG2 AR5 Summary for Policymakers.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kraas, F. 2003. Megacities as Global Risk Areas. Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen 147 (4): 6–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luers, A.L. 2005. The Surface of Vulnerability: An Analytic Framework for Examining Environmental Change. Global Environmental Change 15: 214–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maskrey, A. 1993. Vulnerability Accumulation in Peripheral Regions in Latin America: The Challenge for Disaster Prevention and Management. In Natural Disasters: Protecting Vulnerable Communities, IDNDR, ed. P.A. Merriman and C.W. Browitt. Thomas Telford: London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, F., H. Osbahr, E. Boyd, F. Thomalla, S. Bharwani, G. Ziervogel, B. Walker, et al. 2010. Resilience and Vulnerability: Complementary or Conflicting Concepts? Ecology and Society 15 (3): 11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MunichRe. 2004. Megacities—Megarisks: Trends and Challenges for Insurance and Risk Management. Munich: Munich Re Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, B., E. Kriegler, K. Ebi, E. Kemp-Benedict, K. Riahi, D. Rothmann, B. van Ruijven, et al. 2015. The Roads Ahead: Narratives for Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Describing World Futures in the 21st Century. Global Environmental Change. http://www.pardee.du.edu/sites/default/files/O%27Neill%20et%20al%202015%20-%20The%20Roads%20Ahead.pdf.

  • Pelling, M. 2003. The Vulnerability of Cities: Social Resilience and Natural Disaster. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renaud, F., K. Sudmeier-Rieux, and M. Estrella, eds. 2013. The Role of Ecosystems in Disaster Risk Reduction. Tokyo: UNU-Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renn, O. 2008. Risk Governance. Coping with Uncertainty in a Complex World. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2017. Ãœbergreifende Risiken und Unsicherheiten. In Klimawandel in Deutschland—Entwicklung, Folgen, Risiken und Perspektiven, ed. G. Brasseur, D. Jakob, and S. Schuck-Zöller, 295–303. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renn, O., and K. Walker. 2008. Global Risk Governance. Concept and Practice Using the IRGC Framework, International Risk Governance Council Bookseries 1. Heidelberg: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, A., M.A. Friedl, and D. Potere. 2009. A New Map of Global Urban Extent from MODIS Data. Environmental Research Letters 4: article 044003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2010. Mapping Urban Areas Globally Using MODIS 500m Data: New Methods and Datasets Based on Urban Ecoregions. Remote Sensing of Environment 114: 1733–1746.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneiderbauer, S., and D. Ehrlich. 2004. Risk, Hazard and People’s Vulnerability to Natural Hazards: A Review of Definitions, Concepts and Data. Brussels: European Commission–Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, B.L., R.E. Kasperson, P.A. Matson, J.J. McCarthy, R.W. Corell, L. Christensen, N. Eckley, et al. 2003. A Framework for Vulnerability Analysis in Sustainability Science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (14): 8074–8079.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UN (United Nations). 2005. Hyogo Framework for Action, Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. New York: Kobe.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2015. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. New York: Sendai.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN-Habitat. 2003. The Challenge of Slums, Global Report on Human Settlements. London and Sterling, VA: United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Earthscan Publications Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN/ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction). 2004. Living with Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives, 2004 Version. Geneva: UN Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Dillen, S. 2004. Different Choices: Assessing Vulnerability in a South Indian Village. In Studien zur geographischen Entwicklungsforschung, Band 29. Saarbruecken: Verlag für Entwicklungspolitik.

    Google Scholar 

  • Villagran de Leon, J.C. 2004. Manual para la estimacio´n cuantitativa de riesgosasociados a diversas amenazas. Guatemala: Acción Contra el Hambre, ACH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, C., and K. O’Brien. 2004. Vulnerability and Global Environmental Change: Rhetoric and Reality. AVISO 13. http://folk.uio.no/karenob/publications.html

  • Welle, T., and J. Birkmann. 2015. The World Risk Index. Journal of Extreme Events (JOEE) 2 (1). http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscinet/joee; https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joern_Birkmann2/publications

  • Wisner, B., P. Blaikie, T. Cannon, and I. Davis. 2004. At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability, and Disasters. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Birkmann, J., Sorg, L., Welle, T. (2017). Disaster Vulnerability. In: Pompella, M., Scordis, N. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Unconventional Risk Transfer. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59297-8_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59297-8_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59296-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59297-8

  • eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics