Abstract
The thyroid has two basic cell types: the follicular epithelium (TTF-1, PAX8, and thyroglobulin positive) and the C cells (TTF-1, neuroendocrine marker, and calcitonin positive, thyroglobulin negative). Normal follicular epithelium is low cuboidal. The stroma or interstitium is scant but highly vascular. Thyroid neoplasms can be broken down into several large categories. The first category is made up of follicular-type cells that resemble normal thyroid follicular epithelium. This category includes Hürthle cells, which can be found in non-neoplastic thyroid. The second major category is the papillary carcinoma group, of which there are many variants; they have in common a set of diagnostic nuclear features. The third category of neoplasms arises from the neuroendocrine or C cell component of the thyroid; medullary carcinoma is the main entity in this group.
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Random pearl: In this, the thyroid is like most other neuroendocrine organs, including parathyroid, adrenal, and pituitary. The diagnosis of malignancy is not based on atypia, which can be seen in hyperplastic conditions, but on capsular/vascular invasion or metastases.
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Molavi, D.W. (2018). Thyroid. In: The Practice of Surgical Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59211-4_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59211-4_24
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