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Environmental and Health Hazards of Textile Industry Wastewater Pollutants and Its Treatment Approaches

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Handbook of Environmental Materials Management

Abstract

Textile industry wastewater (TIWW) causes serious water and soil pollution. TIWW has high pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total organic carbon (TOC), solids suspended (SS), total solids suspended (TSS) sulfate, nitrate, and chloride. It also has a variety of recalcitrant chemicals like dyes, detergents, salts, phenol, and metals like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr), which cause serious threats in the environment and severe health hazards in human/animals. Textile dyes are well known for its highly toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic effects on living beings. Physicochemical methods are not efficient for the removal of TIWW due to the requirement of expensive chemicals and the production of a large amount of sludge as a secondary pollutant. Whereas biological methods use different classes of microbes and plant species for the removal and treatment of dyestuff and wastewater. Combined and membrane treatments are highly effective methods for the degradation and detoxification of textile wastewater. This chapter provides an overview of the textile industry, wastewater generation, and environmental pollution. Further, toxicity profile and bioremediation methods for degradation and detoxification of TIWW are also explained in this chapter.

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Acknowledgment

Authors are highly thankful to the University Grant Commission (UGC), Government of India (GOI), New Delhi, India, for financial support for our research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, India

    Roop Kishor & Ram Naresh Bharagava

  2. Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK

    Diane Purchase

  3. Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

    Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira

  4. Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India

    Sikandar I. Mulla

  5. School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China

    Muhammad Bilal

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  1. Roop Kishor
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  2. Diane Purchase
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  4. Sikandar I. Mulla
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  5. Muhammad Bilal
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  6. Ram Naresh Bharagava
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Correspondence to Ram Naresh Bharagava .

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  1. Dept. of Chemistry and EVSC, New Jersey InstTech, 151 D Tiernan-NJIT Dept. of Chemistry and EVSC, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

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Kishor, R., Purchase, D., Ferreira, L.F.R., Mulla, S.I., Bilal, M., Bharagava, R.N. (2020). Environmental and Health Hazards of Textile Industry Wastewater Pollutants and Its Treatment Approaches. In: Hussain, C. (eds) Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_230-1

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