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Hyponatremia

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Quick Guide to Psychiatric Emergencies

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Abstract

Hyponatremia is the presence of low amounts of serum sodium, usually defined as less than 135 mEQ/L.It can be further classified in relation to osmolality (hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic) and volume status (hypovolemia, euvolemia, hypervolemia).

History should include medication use (especially diuretics), alcohol use (especially large quantities of beer), and substance use (especially MDMA or Ecstasy).

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References

  1. Vilstrup H, Amodio P, Bjaj J, Cordoba J, Ferenci P, Mullen KD, Weissenhorn K, Wong P. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 Practice Guidelines by the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease and the European Association for the Study of the Liver. Hepatol. 2014;60(2):715–35.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychiatric Emergency Service, Denver Health Medical Center, 777 Bannock St., Denver, CO, 80204, USA

    Christopher S. Sharp M.D.

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado—Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA

    Christopher S. Sharp M.D.

  3. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA

    Michael P. Wilson M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Christopher S. Sharp M.D.
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  2. Michael P. Wilson M.D., Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael P. Wilson M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Services, Office of Behavioral Health, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Kimberly D. Nordstrom

  2. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

    Michael P. Wilson

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© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

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Sharp, C.S., Wilson, M.P. (2018). Hyponatremia. In: Nordstrom, K., Wilson, M. (eds) Quick Guide to Psychiatric Emergencies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58260-3_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58260-3_21

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-58258-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-58260-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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