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Validation of CAFE Model with Experimental Macroscopic Grain Structures in a 36-Ton Steel Ingot

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Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME 2017)

Part of the book series: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series ((MMMS))

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Abstract

In order to recognize macroscopic grain structures evolution within large heavy casting, a 36-ton steel ingot has been experimentally investigated. Thirteen thermocouples have been used to record temperature variations during solidification of the ingot to ensure a reliable simulation of temperature field. Half of the ingot tail in the longitudinal section has been etched to obtain as-cast macrostructure. Fine equiaxed grains are found in the ingot tail periphery, then slender columnar grains next to them, finally widely spread coarse equiaxed grains in the ingot tail center. Then, simulation of macroscopic grain structure is processed by a three dimensional Cellular Automaton Finite Element (CAFE) module of ProCAST software. The nucleation algorithm is based on an instantaneous nucleation model considering a Gaussian distribution of nucleation sites proposed by Rappaz. The growth algorithm is based on the growth of an octahedron bounded by (111) faces and the growth kinetics law is given by the model of Kurz et al. The microscopic CA and macroscopic FE calculation are coupled where the temperature of each cell is simply interpolated from the temperature of the FE nodes using a unique solidification path at the macroscopic scale. Simulation parameters of CAFE about Gaussian nucleation and growth kinetics have been adjusted so that the macroscopic grain structures correlate with the as-cast macrostructure experiment.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the NSFC-Liaoning Joint Fund (U1508215) and the project to strengthen industrial development at the grass-roots level of MIIT China (TC160A310/21).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China

    Jing’an Yang, Houfa Shen & Baicheng Liu

  2. School of Engineering and Design, Lishui University, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China

    Zhenhu Duan

Authors
  1. Jing’an Yang
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  2. Zhenhu Duan
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  3. Houfa Shen
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  4. Baicheng Liu
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jing’an Yang or Houfa Shen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Thermo Calc Software Inc., McMurray, Pennsylvania, USA

    Paul Mason

  2. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Fairfax, Virginia, USA

    Charles R. Fisher

  3. Boeing, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Ryan Glamm

  4. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    Michele V. Manuel

  5. MICRESS Group at ACCESS e.V., Aachen, Germany

    Georg J. Schmitz

  6. Kanpur, India

    Amarendra K. Singh

  7. Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA

    Alejandro Strachan

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© 2017 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

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Yang, J., Duan, Z., Shen, H., Liu, B. (2017). Validation of CAFE Model with Experimental Macroscopic Grain Structures in a 36-Ton Steel Ingot. In: Mason, P., et al. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME 2017). The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57864-4_19

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