Abstract
Over the period from 1986 to 2016 the data for the 90Sr and 137Cs horizontal and vertical distribution in the surface water and in the water column of the Black Sea, accordingly, were analyzed. The results of full-profile measurements of 137Cs in the deep water column were obtained in 2015 for the first time for the whole post-Chernobyl period. The time constants of exponential functions were determined and the forecast of 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations reduction to the pre-accident levels in the components of the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay was made. The estimations of the balance components of these radionuclides in the Black Sea were obtained. It is shown that to the present time the steady-state equilibrium between entry and elimination of 90Sr and 137Cs in the oxygen zone of the Black Sea was formed, at the same time their accumulation in the hydrogen-sulphidous zone has been increasing. By 2013 the 90Sr and 137Cs content in the Black Sea was evaluated as 1670 and 2843 TBq, respectively, that was in 3.6–6.4 and in 1.2–1.6 times higher, than the content of these radionuclides at the sea in 2000. At the same time 66% of 137Cs and 67% of 90Sr of the total content of radionuclides in the whole water column was in the hydrogen-sulphidous zone of the Black Sea. The period of circulation of 137Cs and 90Sr in the oxygen and hydrogen-sulphidous zones of the Black Sea is about 14 and 94 years, respectively.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barannik VP (1974) The concentration and spatial distribution of strontium-90 in the Black and Azov Seas and their interaction with individual hydrophysical and hydrochemical processes. Oceanology 14(2):274–281 (in Russian)
Bogdanova AK (1959) Water exchange through the Bosporus and its role in stirring the waters of the Black Sea. Proc Sevastopol Biol Station 12:401–420 (in Russian)
Buesseler KO, Casso SA, Hartman MC, Livingston HD (1990) Determination of fission – products and actinides in the Black Sea following the Chernobyl accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 138(1):33–47
Chudinovskikh TV, Batrakov GF, Demyshev SG, Zapevalov AS (2004) Field and theoretical research of behaviour of technogenic radionuclides in the Black Sea. J Environ Control Syst ECOSEA–Hydrophysics, Sevastopol, pp 228–237 (in Russian)
Database of R&ChBD of IMBR (for the period 1964–2006) 2006 Water hydrobionts bottom sediments. Computer program of R&ChBD, created in 1992 in Paradox. R&ChBD, IMBR, Sevastopol, 425 p (in Russian)
Egorov VN, Polikarpov GG, Kulebakina LG, Stokozov NA, Yevtushenko DB (1993) Large-scale model of the Black Sea pollution by long-lived radionuclides cesium-137 and strontium-90 as a result of the Chernobyl NPP accident. Water resources 20(3):326–330 (in Russian)
Egorov VN, Povinec PP, Polikarpov GG, Stokozov NA, Gulin SB (1999) 90Sr and 137Cs in the Black Sea after the Chernobyl NPP accident: inventories, balance and tracer applications. J Environ Radioact 43(2):137–155
Egorov VN, Stokozov NA, Mirzoeva NY (2001) Long-term post-Chernobyl 90Sr and 137Cs profiles as the indicators of the large-scale vertical water mixing in the Black Sea. Book of extended synopses of international conference on the study of environmental change using isotope techniques, IAEA-CN-80,Vienna (Austria), pp 182–184
Goncharov VP, Emelyanova LP, Mikhailov OV, Tsiplev YI (1965) Areas and volumes of the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Oceanology 5(6):918–925 (in Russian)
Gudiksen PH, Harvey TF, Lange R (1989) Chernobyl source term, atmospheric dispersion and dose estimation. J Health Phys 57(5):697–705
Gudiksen PH, Harvey TF, Lange R (1991) Chernobyl source term estimation. In: Radiation protection-53: proceedings of seminar on comperativе assessment of the environmental impact of radionuclides released during three major nuclear accidents: Kyshtym, Windscale, Chernobyl, 1–5 Oct. 1990. Rep. EUR 13574 (1), Luxembourg, pp 93–112
Gulin SB, Polikarpov GG, Egorov VN, Martin JM, Korotkov AA, Stokozov NA (2002) Radioactive contamination of the north-western Black Sea sediments. Estuar J Coast Shelf Sci 54:541–549
Gulin SB, Egorov VN, Polikarpov GG, Stokozov NA, Mirzoyeva NY, Tereschenko NN, Osvath I (2011) In: Burlakova EB, Naydich VI (eds) The lessons of Chernobyl: 25 years later. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp 281–299
Gulin SB, Mirzoyeva NY, Egorov VN, Polikarpov GG, Sidorov IG, Proskurnin VY (2013) Secondary radioactive contamination of the Black Sea after Chernobyl accident: recent levels, pathways and trends. J Environ Radioact 124:50–56
Gulin SB, Egorov VN, Duka MS, Sidorov IG, Proskurnin VY, Mirzoyeva NY (2015) Deep-water profiling of 137Cs and 90Sr in the Black Sea: a further insight into dynamics of the post-Chernobyl radioactive contamination. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 304(2):779–783
Harvey BK, Ibbett RD, Lovett MB and Williams KJ (1989) Analytical procedures for the determination of strontium radionuclides in environmental materials. Aquatic Environment Protection: Analytical Methods, Lowestoft, 33 p
IAEA (2004) Marine Environmental Assessment of the Black Sea. Working Material, Regional Technical Co-operation Project RER/2/003, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 358 p
Instrument description (1989) «Quantulus 1220»: instrument manual LKB Wallac. Pharmacia Wallac Oy, Ontario, Canada, 350 p
Mirzoyeva NYu (2008) Distribution and migration of 90Sr in components of the Dnieper River basin and the Black Sea ecosystems after the Chernobyl NPP accident. Abstract of dissertation on competition of a degree of the candidate of biological sciences: specialty 03.00.17, Sevastopol, 24 p (in Russian)
Mirzoyeva NY, Egorov VN, Polikarpov GG (2013) Distribution and migration of 90Sr in components of the Dnieper River basin and the Black Sea ecosystems after the Chernobyl NPP accident. J Environ Radioact 125:27–35
Polikarpov GG, Egorov VN, Gulin SB, Stokozov NA, Lasorenko GE, Mirzoyeva NYu, Tereshchenko NN, Tsytsugina VG, Kulebakina LG, Popovichev VN, Korotkov AA, Evtushenko DB, Zherko NV (2008) Radioecological response of the Black Sea to the Chernobyl accident. ECOSY–Hydrophysics, Sevastopol, 667 p. (in Russian)
Skopincev BA (1975) Formation of the modern chemical composition of the Black Sea. Hydrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 336 p. (in Russian)
Stokozov NA (2004) Long-lived radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in the Black Sea after the Chernobyl NPP accident and their use as tracers of water exchange processes. Dissertation on competition of a degree of the candidate of geographical sciences: specialty 11.00.08, Sevastopol, 24 p (in Russian)
Tereshchenko NN, Mirzoyeva NY, Gulin SB, Milchakova NA (2014) Contemporary radioecological state of the North-western Black Sea and the problems of environment conservation. Marine Pollut Bul 81(1):7–23
Ukraine builds dam on North Crimean Canal to block water supply to Crimea (2014) (14 May 2014) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l237OJxZVKw. Accessed 14 Feb 2014. (in English)
Vakulovsky SM, Katrich IY, Krasnopevtsev YV, Nikitin AI, Chumichev VB, Shkuro VN (1980) Spatial distribution and balance of H-3 and Cs-137 in the Black Sea in 1977 yr. At Energy 49(2):105–108 (in Russian)
Vodyanitskiy VA (1948) The main water exchange and the formation of the salinity of the Black Sea Proceedings of the Sevastopol biol. st. 6: 5–25 (in Russian)
Voitsekhovich, OV, Kanivets VV, Tertishnik EG (1997) Monitoring of radioactive contamination of natural waters of Ukraine (review of research performed during the period 1986–1996). In: Radiogeoecology of water objects in the zone of influence of the Chernobyl accident, V.1. Chernobylinterinform, Kiev, 308 p (in Russian)
Voitsekhovitch OV, Kanivets VV, Kristhuk BF (1998) Project RER/2/003 Status Report of the Ukrainian Research Hydrometeorological Institute for 1993–1995 “Marine Environmental Assessment of the Black Sea”: Working Material of Regional Co-operation Project RER/2/003. IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 60 p
Zaitsev YuP (1998) The most blue in the world. vol 6, Black Sea environmental series. UNDP, New York, 142 p (in Russian)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mirzoyeva, N.Y., Egorov, V.N., Gulin, S.B. (2018). Radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in Components of the Black Sea Ecosystems: Contemporary Status and Prognosis. In: Finkl, C., Makowski, C. (eds) Diversity in Coastal Marine Sciences. Coastal Research Library, vol 23. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57577-3_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57577-3_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57576-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57577-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)