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COVID-19 and Inequalities

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Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has evidently exposed people to different risks, increasing the chances of losing jobs and income, worsening well-being levels, as well as developing serious health problems or death. Low-income countries, where populations have unequal access to basic services, jobs, markets, and capital, have suffered more from this kind of risks, pushing inequality even higher when the COVID-19 crisis hit. This chapter, overviewing the existing literature on COVID and inequalities, inquires onto the single axis of inequalities, focusing on the connection between pandemic crisis not only with income and consumption expenditures but also with health\education and well-being disparities, gender and ethnic/racial disparities, and “functional” ones. Although more data are needed to validate the hypothesis, it is concluded that based on this preliminary evidence, the pandemic has significantly contributed to the inequality growth mainly in the countries\regions already characterized by increasing polarization and high degrees of social disparities. Considerations useful for the future choices of policymakers have been finally proposed.

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Acknowledgments

Responsible Section Editor: Sergio Scicchitano.

The article has benefitted from valuable comments of the editors and anonymous referees. There is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The World Bank, Tunis, Tunisia

    Federica Alfani

  2. University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy

    Fabio Clementi

  3. University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”, Naples, Italy

    Michele Fabiani & Francesco Schettino

  4. The World Bank, Rome, Italy

    Vasco Molini

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  1. Federica Alfani
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  2. Fabio Clementi
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  3. Michele Fabiani
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  4. Vasco Molini
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  5. Francesco Schettino
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Correspondence to Francesco Schettino .

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  1. UNU-MERIT & Princeton University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Klaus F. Zimmermann

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  1. National Institute for Public Policies Analysis (INAPP), Rome, Italy

    Sergio Scicchitano Ph.D

  2. Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen, Germany

    Sergio Scicchitano Ph.D

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Alfani, F., Clementi, F., Fabiani, M., Molini, V., Schettino, F. (2023). COVID-19 and Inequalities. In: Zimmermann, K.F. (eds) Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_380-1

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