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Gender Discrimination

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Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics

Abstract

This chapter provides a bird’s eye view of the literature on gender discrimination. The presentation of studies is grouped into five parts. Part 1 presents evidence of gender discrimination measured via various dimensions in various countries and contexts. Part 2 discusses in detail the gender wage gap – one of the most important measures of gender discrimination – as well as gender segregation and its origins. Part 3 discusses the close relationship between female empowerment and violence, and the experience of women of color. Part 4 covers gender behavioral differences. Part 5 presents studies on the experience of women trying to break the glass ceiling, as well as the differential effects of education on boys and girls.

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Acknowledgments

Responsible section editor: Klaus F. Zimmermann.

The article has benefited from the valuable comments of the editor, and Peter Kuhn and Jacquelyn Zhang. No financial support is received for this work. There is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research School of Economics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    Kailing Shen

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  1. Kailing Shen
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Correspondence to Kailing Shen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. UNU-MERIT & Princeton University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Klaus F. Zimmermann

Section Editor information

  1. Center for Population, Development and Labour Economics at UNU – MERIT, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Klaus F. Zimmermann

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Shen, K. (2022). Gender Discrimination. In: Zimmermann, K.F. (eds) Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_304-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_304-1

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