Abstract
The consolidation of the DSM-IV pervasive developmental disorders into the DSM-5 diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reviewed. Furthermore, the establishment of social language pragmatic disorder, a condition which is somewhat similar to ASD, is also reviewed. Evidence that is presented related to the symptomology, etiology, course, and prognosis is also reviewed for both diagnoses and a case to be made for differential diagnosis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adams, C., Lockton, E., Freed, J., Gaile, J., Earl, G., McBean, K., … & Law, J. (2012). The Social Communication Intervention Project: A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of speech and language therapy for school-age children who have pragmatic and social communication problems with or without autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 47(3), 233–244.
American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-II. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Amiet, C., Gourfinkel-An, I., Bouzamondo, A., Tordjman, S., Baulac, M., Lechat, P., … & Cohen, D. (2008). Epilepsy in autism is associated with intellectual disability and gender: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Biological Psychiatry, 64(7), 577–582.
Amstadter, A. (2008). Emotion regulation and anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(2), 211–221.
Ashburner, J., Ziviani, J., & Rodger, S. (2010). Surviving in the mainstream: Capacity of children with autism spectrum disorders to perform academically and regulate their emotions and behavior at school. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(1), 18–27.
Ayres, K. M., Lowrey, K. A., Douglas, K. H., & Sievers, C. (2011). I can identify Saturn but I can’t brush my teeth: What happens when the curricular focus for students with severe disabilities shifts. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 11–21.
Baker, A., Lane, A., Angley, M., & Young, R. (2008). The relationship between sensory processing patterns and behavioural responsiveness in autistic disorder: A pilot study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(5), 867–875. doi:10.1007/ s10803-007-0459-0.
Baker, J. P. (2013). Autism at 70 – Redrawing the boundaries. New England Journal of Medicine, 369(12), 1089–1091.
Baranek, G. T., Little, L. M., Parham, D., Ausderau, K. K., & Sabatos-DeVito, M. G. (2014). Sensory features in autism Spectrum disorders. In Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders, fourth edition, (Kindle Locations, pp. 16953–16954). New York: Wiley.
Bauminger-Zviely, N. (2014). School aged children with ASD. In Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders, fourth edition, (Kindle Locations, pp. 7721–7724). New York: Wiley.
Bejerot, S., Eriksson, J. M., & Mörtberg, E. (2014). Social anxiety in adult autism spectrum disorder. Psychiatry Research, 220(1), 705–707.
Bennett, T., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., Volden, J., Zwaigenbaum, L., Vaccarella, L., & Boyle, M. (2008). Differentiating autism and Asperger syndrome on the basis of language delay or impairment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(4), 616–625.
Billstedt, E., Gillberg, C., & Gillberg, C. (2005). Autism after adolescence: Population-based 13-to 22-year follow-up study of 120 individuals with autism diagnosed in childhood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(3), 351–360.
Bishop, D. V., Bishop, D. V. M., & Leonard, L. B. (2000). Pragmatic language impairment: A correlate of SLI, a distinct subgroup, or part of the autistic continuum. In Speech and language impairments in children: Causes, characteristics, intervention and outcome (99–113).
Black, D. O., Wallace, G. L., Sokoloff, J. L., & Kenworthy, L. (2009). Brief report: IQ split predicts social symptoms and communication abilities in high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(11), 1613–1619.
Bodison, S. & Mostofsky, S. (2014). Motor control and motor learning processes in autism spectrum disorders. In Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders: Volume 1: Disorders, diagnosis, development and brain mechanisms, fourth edition, (Kindle Locations, pp. 15986–15988). New York: Wiley.
Bolton, P. F., Carcani-Rathwell, I., Hutton, J., Goode, S., Howlin, P., & Rutter, M. (2011). Epilepsy in autism: Features and correlates. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 198(4), 289–294.
Brinton, B., & Fujiki, M. (1993). Language, social skills, and socioemotional behavior. Language, Speech, and Hearing Sciences in the Schools, 24, 194–198.
Brinton, B., Fujiki, M., & Sonnenberg, E. A. (1988). Responses to requests for clarification by linguistically normal and language-impaired children in conversation. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 53, 383–391.
Burns, J. K. (2010). British medical council bars doctor who linked vaccine with autism. The New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/25/health/policy/25autism.html?_r=0.
Carrington, S. J., Kent, R. G., Maljaars, J., Le Couteur, A., Gould, J., Wing, L., … & Leekam, S. R. (2014). DSM-5 autism Spectrum disorder: In search of essential behaviours for diagnosis. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8(6), 701–715.
Centers for Disease Control. (2010). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years. MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 63(2). Retrieved from http://www.Cdc.Gov/Mmwr/. Washington, DC: Centers for Disease Control.
Chawarska, K., Paul, R., Klin, A., Hannigen, S., Dichtel, L. E., & Volkmar, F. (2007). Parental recognition of developmental problems in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(1), 62–72.
Craig, F., Lamanna, A. L., Margari, F., Matera, E., Simone, M., & Margari, L. (2015). Overlap between autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Searching for distinctive/common clinical features. Autism Research.
Craig, H., & Evans, J. (1993). Pragmatics and SLI: Within-group variations in discourse behaviors. Journal of Speech-Language-Hearing Research, 36, 777–789.
Davis, N. O., & Carer, A. S. (2014). Social development in autism. In F. R. Volkmar, R. Paul, S. J. Rogers, & K. A. Pelphrey (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders: Volume 1: Disorders, diagnosis, development and brain mechanisms, fourth edition, (Kindle Locations, pp. 9983–9985). New York: Wiley.
De Giacomo, A., & Fombonne, E. (1998). Parental recognition of developmental abnormalities in autism. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 7(3), 131–136.
Doja, A., & Roberts, W. (2006). Immunizations and autism: A review of the literature. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 33(04), 341–346.
Duchesne, S., Vitaro, F., Larose, S., & Tremblay, R. E. (2008). Trajectories of anxiety during elementary-school years and the prediction of high school noncompletion. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(9), 1134–1146.
Dyer, C. (2007). Andrew Wakefield drops libel case against Channel 4. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 334(7584), 60. doi:10.1136/bmj.39090.395509.DB.
Dziuk, M. A., Larson, J. C., Apostu, A., Mahone, E. M., Denckla, M. B., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2007). Dyspraxia in autism: Association with motor, social, and communicative deficits. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49(10), 734–739.
Eisenberg, L., & Kanner, L. (1955). Early infantile autism, 1943-55. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 26, 556–566.
El Achkar, C. M., & Spence, S. J. (2015). Clinical characteristics of children and young adults with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior.
Estes, A., Munson, J., Dawson, G., Koehler, E., Zhou, X. H., & Abbott, R. (2009). Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay. Autism, 13(4), 375–387.
Farley, M. A., McMahon, W. M., Fombonne, E., Jenson, W. R., Miller, J., Gardner, M., … & Coon, H. (2009). Twenty-year outcome for individuals with autism and average or near-average cognitive abilities. Autism Research, 2(2), 109–118.
Freitag, C. M. (2007). The genetics of autistic disorders and its clinical relevance: A review of the literature. Molecular Psychiatry, 12(1), 2–22.
Fujiki, M., & Brinton, B. (2009). Pragmatics and social communication in child language disorders. In R. G. Schwartz (Ed.), Handbook of child language disorders. New York: Psychology Press.
Gardener, H., Spiegelman, D., & Buka, S. L. (2009). Prenatal risk factors for autism: Comprehensive meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(1), 7–14.
Gibson, J., Adams, C., Lockton, E., & Green, J. (2013). Social communication disorder outside autism? A diagnostic classification approach to delineating pragmatic language impairment, high functioning autism and specific language impairment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(11), 1186–1197.
Goldstein, S., & Naglieri, J. A. (2010). Autism spectrum rating scale: ASRS. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
Grossman, R. (1990). Solving the puzzle that was Bruno Bettelheim. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved from: http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1990-11-11/features/9004030282_1_bruno-bettelheim-sonia-shankman-orthogenic-school-animal-terror
Happé, F., & Ronald, A. (2008). The ‘fractionable autism triad’: A review of evidence from behavioural, genetic, cognitive and neural research. Neuropsychology Review, 18(4), 287–304.
Happé, F., Ronald, A., & Plomin, R. (2006). Time to give up on a single explanation for autism. Nature Neuroscience, 9(10), 1218–1220.
Hellemans, H., Roeyers, H., Leplae, W., Dewaele, T., & Deboutte, D. (2010). Sexual behavior in male adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder and borderline/mild mental retardation. Sexuality and Disability, 28(2), 93–104.
Hollocks, M. J., Jones, C. R., Pickles, A., Baird, G., Happé, F., Charman, T., & Simonoff, E. (2014). The association between social cognition and executive functioning and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research, 7(2), 216–228.
Howlin, P. (2006). Autism spectrum disorders. Psychiatry, 5(9), 320–324. doi:10.1053/j.mppsy.2006.06.007.
Howlin, P., Goode, S., Hutton, J., & Rutter, M. (2004). Adult outcome for children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(2), 212–229.
Howlin, P., Mawhood, L., & Rutter, M. (2000). Autism and developmental receptive language disorder—A follow-up comparison in early adult life. II: Social, behavioural, and psychiatric outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(5), 561–578.
Kanne, S. M., Gerber, A. J., Quirmbach, L. M., Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., & Saulnier, C. A. (2011). The role of adaptive behavior in autism spectrum disorders: Implications for functional outcome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(8), 1007–1018.
Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2, 217–250.
Kanner, L. (1971). Follow-up study of eleven autistic children originally reported in 1943. Journal of Autism and Child Schizophrenia, 1(2), 119–145.
Kasari, C., & Chang Y. C. (2014). Play development in children with autism spectrum disorders: Skills, object play, and interventions. In F. R. Volkmar, R. Paul, S. J. Rogers, & K. A. Pelphrey (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders: Volume 1: Disorders, diagnosis, development and brain mechanisms, fourth edition, (Kindle Locations, pp. 9983–9985). (Kindle Locations, pp. 12111–12112). New York: Wiley.
Kim, Y. S., Fombonne, E., Koh, Y. J., Kim, S. J., Cheon, K. A., & Leventhal, B. (2014). A comparison of DSM-IV PDD and DSM-5 ASD prevalence in an epidemiologic sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.021
Kinney, D. K., Munir, K. M., Crowley, D. J., & Miller, A. M. (2008). Prenatal stress and risk for autism. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(8), 1519–1532.
Klin, A., McPartland, J., & Volkmar, F. R. (2005). Asperger syndrome. In F. R. Volkmar, R. Paul, A. Klin, & D. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders: Volume one: Diagnosis, development, neurobiology, and behavior (3rd ed.pp. 88–125). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Koegel, L. K., Detar, W. J., Fox, A., & Koegel, R. L. (2014). Romantic relationships, sexuality, and autism spectrum disorders. In F. R. Volkmar, B. Reichow, & J. C. McPartland (Eds.), Adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders (pp. 87–104). New York: Springer Publishing.
Konstantareas, M. M., & Homatidis, S. (1989). Assessing child symptom severity and stress in parents of autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30(3), 459–470.
Kovacs, M., Gatsonis, C., Paulauskas, S. L., & Richards, C. (1989). Depressive disorders in childhood: IV. A longitudinal study of comorbidity with and risk for anxiety disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46(9), 776.
Kulage, K. M., Smaldone, A. M., & Cohn, E. G. (2014). How will DSM-5 affect autism diagnosis? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(8), 1918–1932.
Lee, H. J. (2010). Cultural factors related to the hidden curriculum for students with autism and related disabilities. Intervention in School and Clinic, 46(3), 141–149. doi:10.1177/1053451210378162.
Leonard, L. B. (2014). Children with specific language impairment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Livanis, A., Solomon, E. R., & Ingram, D. H. (2007). Guided social stories: Group treatment of adolescents with Asperger disorder in the schools. In R. W. Christner, J. L. Stewart, & A. Freeman (Eds.), Handbook of cognitive-behavior group therapy with children and adolescents (pp. 389–408). New York: Routledge.
Lord, C., & Bishop, S. L. (2015). Recent advances in autism research as reflected in DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11(7), 7.1–7.8.
Lord, C., Petkova, E., Hus, V., Gan, W., Lu, F., Martin, D. M., … & Risi, S. (2012). A multisite study of the clinical diagnosis of different autism spectrum disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(3), 306–313.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. C., & Risi, S. (1999). Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Lovaas, O. I., Freitag, G., Gold, V. J., & Kassorla, I. C. (1965). Experimental studies in childhood schizophrenia: Analysis of self-destructive behavior. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2(1), 67–84.
Luiselli, J. K. (2011). Aggression and noncompliance. In J. L. Matson (Ed.), Applied behavior analysis for children with autism spectrum disorders (pp. 175–187). New York: Springer Publishing.
MacDonald, T. T., & Domizio, P. (2007). Autistic enterocolitis; is it a histopathological entity? Histopathology, 50(3), 371–379.
Maenner, M. J., Rice, C. E., Arneson, C. L., Cunniff, C., Schieve, L. A., Carpenter, L. A., … & Durkin, M. S. (2014). Potential impact of DSM-5 criteria on autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(3), 292–300.
Magiati, I., Tay, X. W., & Howlin, P. (2014). Cognitive, language, social and behavioural outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review of longitudinal follow-up studies in adulthood. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(1), 73–86.
Malott, R. W. (2004). Autistic behavior, behavior analysis, and the gene. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 20, 31–36.
Matson, J. L., Tessa, T. R., Fodstad, T. D., & Boisjoli, J. A. (2009). Examination of adaptive behavior differences in adults with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30(6), 1317–1325. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2009.05.008.
Mayes, S. D., Calhoun, S. L., Murray, M. J., Morrow, J. D., Cothren, S., Purichia, H., … & Bouder, J. N. (2011). Use of Gilliam Asperger’s disorder scale in differentiating high and low functioning autism and ADHD. Psychological Reports, 108(1), 3–13.
McDermott, S., Zhou, L., & Mann, J. (2008). Injury treatment among children with autism or pervasive developmental disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(4), 626–633.
McElhanon, B. O., McCracken, C., Karpen, S., & Sharp, W. G. (2014). Gastrointestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 133(5), 872–883.
McPartland, J. C., Reichow, B., & Volkmar, F. R. (2012). Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(4), 368–383.
MMR scare doctor ‘paid children’. BBC (2007, July 16). Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6289166.stm.
Montes, G., & Halterman, J. S. (2006). Characteristics of school-age children with autism. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 27(5), 379–385.
National Autism Center. (2009). National Standards Project-Addressing the need for evidence-based practice guidelines for autism spectrum disorders. Randolph, MA: National Autism Center. Retrieved from: http://www.nationalautismcenter.org/about-nac/.
Nowell, K. P., Schanding Jr, G. T., Kanne, S. M., & Goin-Kochel, R. P. (2015). Cognitive Profiles in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Investigation of Base Rate Discrepancies using the Differential Ability Scales—Second Edition. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1–11.
Osterling, J., & Dawson, G. (1994). Early recognition of children with autism: A study of first birthday home videotapes. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24(3), 247–257.
Ozonoff, S., Macari, S., Young, G. S., Goldring, S., Thompson, M., & Rogers, S. J. (2008). Atypical object exploration at 12 months of age is associated with autism in a prospective sample. Autism, 12(5), 457–472.
Pearce, J. M. (2005). Kanner’s infantile autism and Asperger’s syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 76, 205. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.042820.
Pollack, R. (1997). The creation of Dr. B: A biography of Bruno Bettelheim. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Rapin, I., & Allen, D. (1983). Developmental language disorders: Nosologic considerations. In Neuropsychology of language, reading, and spelling (155–184).
Rodgers, J., Riby, D. M., Janes, E., Connolly, B., & McConachie, H. (2012). Anxiety and repetitive behaviours in autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome: A cross-syndrome comparison. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(2), 175–180.
Román, G. C. (2007). Autism: Transient in utero hypothyroxinemia related to maternal flavonoid ingestion during pregnancy and to other environmental antithyroid agents. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 262(1), 15–26.
Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Shetreat-Klein, M., Shinnar, S., & Rapin, I. (2014). Abnormalities of joint mobility and gait in children with autism spectrum disorders. Brain and Development, 36(2), 91–96.
Sundberg, M. L., & Partington, J. W. (1998). Teaching language to children with autism or other developmental disabilities. Concord, CA: AVB Press.
Tomanik, S., Harris, G. E., & Hawkins, J. (2004). The relationship between behaviours exhibited by children with autism and maternal stress. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 29(1), 16–26.
Tomanik, S. S., Pearson, D. A., & Loveland, K. A. (2006). Improving the reliability of autism diagnosis examining the utility of adaptive behaviour. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(5), 921–928.
Treatment (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/treatment.html
Trottier, G., Srivastava, L., & Walker, C. D. (1999). Etiology of infantile autism: A review of recent advances in genetic and neurobiological research. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 24(2), 103.
Tureck, K., Matson, J. L., May, A., Whiting, S. E., & Davis III, T. E. (2014). Comorbid symptoms in children with anxiety disorders compared to children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 26(1), 23–33.
Turygin, N. C., & Matson, J. L. (2014). Adaptive behavior, life skills, and leisure skills training for adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders. In F. R. Volkmar, B. Reichow, & J. C. McPartland (Eds.), Adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders (pp. 131–160). New York: Springer Publishing.
van Steensel, F. J., Bögels, S. M., & Perrin, S. (2011). Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(3), 302–317.
Volkmar, F. R., & Klin, A. (2005). Issues in the classification of autism and related conditions. In F. R. Volkmar, R. Paul, A. Klin, & D. Cohen (Eds). Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders: Volume one: Diagnosis, development, neurobiology, and behavior, 3rd ed., Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. 5–41.
Wing, L. (1981). Asperger’s syndrome. A clinical account. Psychological Medicine, 11, 115–129.
Wing, L. (1996). Autistic spectrum disorders. British Medical Journal, 312, 327–328.
Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., & Garon, N. (2013). Early identification of autism spectrum disorders. Behavioural Brain Research, 251, 133–146.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Livanis, A., Almodovar, D., Skolnik, E. (2017). Autism Spectrum and Social Pragmatic Language Disorders. In: Goldstein, S., DeVries, M. (eds) Handbook of DSM-5 Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57196-6_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57196-6_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57194-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57196-6
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)