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Outskirts of Distant Galaxies in Absorption

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Outskirts of Galaxies

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 434))

Abstract

QSO absorption spectroscopy provides a sensitive probe of both the neutral medium and diffuse ionized gas in the distant Universe. It extends 21 cm maps of gaseous structures around low-redshift galaxies both to lower gas column densities and to higher redshifts. Combining galaxy surveys with absorption-line observations of gas around galaxies enables comprehensive studies of baryon cycles in galaxy outskirts over cosmic time. This chapter presents a review of the empirical understanding of the cosmic neutral gas reservoir from studies of damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs). It describes the constraints on the star formation relation and chemical enrichment history in the outskirts of distant galaxies from DLA studies. A brief discussion of available constraints on the ionized circumgalactic gas from studies of lower column density Lyα absorbers and associated ionic absorption transitions is presented at the end.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    At z≲1. 6, DLA surveys require QSO spectroscopy carried out in space and have been limited to the number of UV-bright QSOs available for absorption-line searches. Consequently, the number of known DLAs from blind surveys is small, ≈ 15 (see Neeleman et al. 2016a for a compilation). To increase substantially the sample of known DLAs at low redshifts, Rao & Turnshek (Rao et al. 2006) devised a clever space programme to search for new DLAs in known Mg II absorbers. Their strategy yielded a substantial gain, tripling the total sample size of z≲1. 6 DLAs. However, the Mg II-selected DLA sample also includes a survey bias that is not well understood. It has been shown that excluding Mg II-selected DLAs reduces the inferred Ω atomic by more than a factor of 4 (e.g. Neeleman et al. 2016a). For consistency, only measurements of Ω atomic based on blind DLA surveys are included in the plot.

  2. 2.

    For comparison, the sizes of extended HVC complexes at d ∼ 10 kpc from the MW disk are a few to 15 kpc across (e.g. Putman et al. 2012). HVCs at larger distances are found to be more compact, ≲2 kpc (e.g. Westmeier et al. 2008; Lockman et al. 2012; Giovanelli et al. 2013).

  3. 3.

    A blind survey of absorption features around known galaxies differs fundamentally from a blind survey of galaxies around known absorbers (e.g. Kacprzak et al. 2008). By design, a blind galaxy survey around known absorbers excludes transparent sightlines and does not provide the sample necessary for measuring the incidence and covering fraction of absorbing species. In addition, because of limited survey depths, a blind galaxy survey is more likely to find more luminous members at larger d that are correlated with the true absorbing galaxies which are fainter and closer to the QSO sightline, resulting in a significantly larger scatter in the W r versus d distribution (e.g. Kacprzak et al. 2008; Nielsen et al. 2013).

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Acknowledgements

The author wishes to dedicate this review to the memory of Arthur M. Wolfe for his pioneering and seminal work on the subject of damped Lyα absorbers and for inspiring generations of scientists to pursue original and fundamental research. The author thanks Nick Gnedin, Sean Johnson, Rebecca Pierce, Marc Rafelski and Fakhri Zahedy for providing helpful input and comments. In preparing this review, the author has made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services.

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  1. Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    Hsiao-Wen Chen

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Correspondence to Hsiao-Wen Chen .

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  1. Inst de Astrofísica de Canarias, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Spain

    Johan H. Knapen

  2. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA

    Janice C. Lee

  3. Dept. Astrofisica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Armando Gil de Paz

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Chen, HW. (2017). Outskirts of Distant Galaxies in Absorption. In: Knapen, J., Lee, J., Gil de Paz, A. (eds) Outskirts of Galaxies. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 434. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56570-5_9

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