Abstract
During the second half of 2010, the global climate system has been affected by the presence of anomalous cold conditions in the tropical Pacific related to a strong La Niña phenomenon, which continued throughout the first half of 2011, and had a second pulse in the boreal winter of 2011–2012. Climate patterns around the world were affected causing marked anomalies and important socioeconomic impacts in different countries. During this period, Colombia experienced a hydroclimatic anomaly expressed in precipitation levels above normal and extreme events such as flash floods, landslides, and long-term flooding of plains in different regions of the country. Losses and damages to infrastructure, crops, and livelihoods reached more than 7.8 billion US dollars (approximately 2% of 2011 GDP). Due to the flooding of a vast area, about 2,350,000 people were affected, and as consequence most of them were expelled from their territories to live in alien territories in very difficult conditions; in these areas, many social conflicts either arose or worsened. Some of these conflicts are pointed out at the end of this chapter with the aim that they may serve as lessons for strengthening the regional disaster risk management for being better prepared against adverse impacts of similar extreme events in the future.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Notes
- 1.
The Unified Victims Registry exists pursuant to Decree 4830 of 2010. Its purpose was to respond to the 2010–2011 emergency. Its objective was to provide the National Government with the necessary information to tend to the affected population in all different phases: humanitarian, rehabilitation, and rebuilding of zones that suffered the effects of the 2010–2011 floods.
- 2.
By September 2011, there was the equivalence 1 US dollar = 1780 Colombian peso (COP).
References
Arias PA, Martínez JA, Vieira SC (2015) Moisture sources to the 2010–2012 anomalous wet season in northern South America. Clim Dyn 45(9–10):2861–2884
BoM (2012) Record- breaking the La Niña events. An analysis of La Niña life cycle and the impacts and significance of the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 La Niña events in Australia. Bureau of Meteorology (BoM). Government of Australia. Melbourne, 24 p
Campos A, Holm-Nielsen N, Díaz C, Rubiano DM, Costa CR, Ramírez F, Dickson E (2012) Análisis de la gestión de riesgo de desastres en Colombia: un aporte para la construcción de políticas públicas. World Bank, Bogotá, p 411
CEPAL (2012) Valoración de daños y pérdidas. Ola invernal en Colombia 2010–2011. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo—Comisión Económica para América Latina y Caribe. Bogotá D.C., 240 pages
Diaz H, Markgraf V (2000) El Niño and the Southern Oscillation: Multiscale variability and global and regional impacts. Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, p 497p
Euscateguí C, Hurtado G (2011) Análisis del impacto del fenómeno “La Niña” 2010–2011 en la hidroclimatología del país. Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales, Bogotá D.C, Informe Técnico del IDEAM, p 32
Glantz MH (1997) Currents of change. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK, p 194
Güiza L, (2012, September) Gestión del Riesgo de Inundaciones en Colombia. Rev Letras Verdes 12:24–40
Hernández-Peña YT (2013) Análisis de imaginarios y percepciones asociados a fenómenos naturales para una adecuada gestión del riesgo. Tesis de doctorado. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá D.C. 291 pages. Available in digital format at http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/42902/1/4869008.2013.pdf
Hoyos N, Escobar J, Restrepo JC, Arango AM, Ortiz JC (2013) Impact of 2010–2011 La Niña phenomenon in Colombia, South America: the human toll of an extreme weather event. Appl Geogr 39:16–25
IDEAM (1998) Posibles efectos naturales y socio-económicos del fenómeno Frío del Pacífico (La Niña) en Colombia en el segundo semestre de 1998 y primer semestre de 1999. Santa Fe de Bogotá, agosto-1998, 88 pages and attachments
IDEAM (2011) Análisis del impacto del fenómeno “La Niña” 2010–2011 en la hidroclimatología del país. At http://www.institucional.ideam.gov.co
IDEAM-DPAD (2002) Efectos naturales y socioeconómicos del fenómeno El Niño en Colombia. Publicación del Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales y de la Dirección para la Prevención y Atención de Desastres. Bogotá D.C., 52 p
IGAC-IDEAM-DANE (2011) Reporte final de áreas afectadas por inundaciones 2010–2011. Bogotá D.C., Agosto 30 de 2011, 35 pages
Kenyon J, Hegerl GC (2010) Influence of modes of climate variability on global precipitation extremes. J Clim 23(23):6248–6262
Li W, Zhang P, Ye J, Li L, Baker PA (2011) Impact of two different types of El Niño events on Amazon climate and ecosystem productivity. J Plant Ecol 4(1–2):91–99
Masson SJ, Goddard L (2001) Probabilistic Precipitation Anomalies Associated with ENSO. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 82(4):619–638
Pabón, J., J. Dorado, 2008: Intraseasonal variability of rainfall over northern South America and Caribbean. Earth Sci Res J, vol l12, pp 194–212
Pabón JD (2011) improving climate prediction schemes with intraseasonal variability: a key tool toward hydrometeorological disasters reduction in Tropical America. In: Andi Eka Sakya (ed) Natural disasters policy issues and mitigation strategies Centre for Science & Technology of the Non-Aligned and other Developing Countries (NAM S&T Centre), pp 127–137, (New Delhi, India, 229 p)
Poveda G (2004) La hidroclimatología de Colombia: Una síntesis desde la escala interdecadal hasta la escala diurna. Rev Acad Colomb Cienc 28(107):201–222
Rasmusson EM, Carpenter TH (1982) Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Mon Wea Rev 110:354–384
Rasmusson EM, Wallace JM (1983) Meteorological aspects of the El Niño/ Southern Oscillation. Science 222:1195–1202
Rendón-Acevedo (2012) El 2011, un año interesante en materia económica: las esperanzas por el crecimiento y los retos para el desarrollo. Semanario Virtual. http://viva.org.co/cajavirtual/svc0287/articulo08.html#_ftn1
Rippey BR (2015) The USA drought of 2012. Clim Weather Extremes 10:57–64
Ropelewski CF, Halpert MS (1987) Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with El Ni ñ o/S o u t h e r n Oscillation. Mon Wea Rev 115:1606–1626
Stockedale TN, Alves O, Boer G, Deque M, Ding Y, Kumar A, Kumar K, Landman W, Mason S, Nobre P, Scaife A, Tomoaki O, Yun WT (2010) Understanding and predicting seasonal-to-interannual climate variability—The producer perspective. Procedia Environ Sci 1:55–80
Vargas G (2016) Efectos del cambio climático en el Caribe colombiano. En: Cambio, Climático. Lecciones de y para América Latina. Editorial Universidad Externado de Colombia. Bogotá D.C., pp 63–103
Torres-Pineda CE (2012) Efecto de las ondas Madden-Julian en la precipitación sobre algunas regiones del territorio colombiano. Tesis de Maestría, Programa de Postgrado en Meteorología, Departamento de Goeciencias. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, 80 pages
Torres-Pineda CE, Pabón-Caicedo JD (2017) Variabilidad intraestacional de la precipitación en Colombia y su relación con las ondas Madden-Julian. Accepted by Rev Acad Colomb Cien Exactas, Físicas y Naturales
Yepes J, Poveda G (2013) Diagnóstico y predictabilidad de la lluvia en Colombia a escala intraestacional. Rev Colomb Amazónica 6:17–29
Acknowledgements
This analysis was conducted in the framework of the Natural and Anthropic Risks research focus of the Geotechnologies group, and the Socioeconomic Impact of Extreme Phases of Climatic Variability research focus of the Weather, Climate and Society group, of the Geography Department, in the Faculty of Human Sciences, at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vargas, G., Hernández, Y., Pabón, J.D. (2018). La Niña Event 2010–2011: Hydroclimatic Effects and Socioeconomic Impacts in Colombia. In: Mal, S., Singh, R., Huggel, C. (eds) Climate Change, Extreme Events and Disaster Risk Reduction. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56469-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56469-2_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-56468-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-56469-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)