Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Polymorphous Light Eruption

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ultraviolet Light in Human Health, Diseases and Environment

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 996))

Abstract

Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) is the commonest immuno-mediated photodermatosis. It occurs after solar or artificial UV-light exposure and affects only the sun-exposed areas with preference of the V-area of the chest, of arms and forearms, legs, upper part of the back, and rarely the face. The lesions are itching or burning, and vary morphologically from erythema to papules, vesico-papules and occasionally blisters, plaques, sometimes erythema multiforme-like, insect bite-like wheals and purpura. The clinical manifestations befall within a few hours to days from light exposure, last a few days, and subside in about a week without sequelae. Its diagnosis is based on history, morphology and phototests. PLE is considered as a delayed hypersensitivity response to newly UV induced, but still unidentified, antigen(s). Usually, MED is normal, but the provocative phototests with UVA or UVB reproduce the spontaneous lesions in about 50% of the patients. Broad spectrum sunscreens and antioxidants, photohardening with PUVA or narrow band UVB may be beneficial to prevent the disease. Therapy is based mainly on topical or systemic corticosteroids.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bateman D (1817) Delineations of cutaneous disease. Longman, London

    Google Scholar 

  2. Rasch C (1900) Om et polymorft [erythematost, vesikulost og ekzematoidt] lysudslet. Hospitalstid 43:478–480

    Google Scholar 

  3. Tutrone WD, Spann CT, Scheinfeld N et al (2003) Polymorphic light eruption. Dermatol Ther 16:28–39

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Gruber-Wackernagel A, Byrne SN, Wolf P (2014) Polymorphous light eruption: clinic aspects and pathogenesis. Dermatol Clin 32:315–334

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Honigsmann H (2008) Polymorphous light eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 24:155–161

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Morison WL, Stern RS (1982) Polymorphous light eruption: a common reaction uncommonly recognized. Acta Derm Venereol 62:237–240

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Stratigos AJ, Antonoiu C, Katsambas AD (2002) Polymorphous light eruption. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 16:193–206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Pao C, Norris PG, Corbett M et al (1994) Polymorphic light eruption: prevalence in Australia and England. Br J Dermatol 130:62–64

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Sharma L, Basnet A (2008) A clinicoepidemiological study of polymorphic light eruption. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 74:15–17

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Procaccini EM, Fabbrocini G, Affaticati V et al (2006) Epidemiologic data about polymorphous light eruption in Italy. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 141:215–219

    Google Scholar 

  11. Rhodes LE, Bock M, Janssens AS et al (2010) Polymorphic light eruption occurs in 18% of Europeans and does not show higher prevalence with increasing latitude: multicenter survey of 6,895 individuals residing from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia. J Invest Dermatol 130:626–628

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Nakamura M, Henderson M, Jacobsen G et al (2014) Comparison of photodermatoses in African-Americans and Caucasians: a follow-up study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 30:231–236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kerr HA, Lim HW (2007) Photodermatoses in African Americans: a retrospective analysis of 135 patients over a 7-year period. J Am Acad Dermatol 57:638–643

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ros AM (1988) Solar purpura-an unusual manifestation of polymorphous light eruption. Photo-Dermatology 5:47–48

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hölzle E, Plewig G, von Kries R et al (1987) Polymorphous light eruption. J Invest Dermatol 88(3 Suppl):32s–38s

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hasan T, Ranki A, Jansen CT et al (1998) Disease associations in polymorphous light eruption. A long-term follow-up study of 94 patients. Arch Dermatol 134:1081–1085

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Dover JS, Hawk JL (1988) Polymorphic light eruption sine eruption. Br J Dermatol 118:73–76

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kontos AP, Cusack CA, Chaffins M et al (2002) Polymorphous light eruption in African Americans: pinpoint papular variant. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 18:303–306

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bansal I, Kerr H, Janiga JJ et al (2006) Pinpoint papular variant of polymorphous light eruption: clinical and pathological correlation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20:406–410

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Isedeh P, Lim HW (2013) Polymorphous light eruption presenting as pinhead papular eruption on the face. J Drugs Dermatol 12:1285–1286

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. AlJasser MI, Lui H, Ball NJ et al (2013) Persistent polymorphous light eruption after ultraviolet A1 phototherapy. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 29:52–54

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Goitre M, Roncarolo G (1987) Unusual photodermatitis. Presentation of 2 cases. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 122:261

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Molina-Ruiz AM, Sanmartin O, Santonja C et al (2013) Spring and summer eruption of the elbows: a peculiar localized variant of polymorphous light eruption. J Am Acad Dermatol 68:306–312

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Knight TE (1994) Solar [ brachioradial] pruritus. Int J Dermatol 33:206–209

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Shumway NK, Cole E, Fernandez KH (2016) Neurocutaneous disease: Neurocutaneous dysesthesias. J Am Acad Dermatol 74:215–228

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Hawk J (1996) Juvenile spring eruption is a variant of polymorphic light eruption. N Z Med J 109:389

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lava SA, Simonetti GD, Ragazzi M et al (2013) Juvenile spring eruption: an outbreak report and systematic review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 168:1066–1072

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Norris PG, Hawk JLM (1999) The idiopathic photodermatoses: polymorphic light eruption, actinic prurigo and hydroa vacciniforme. In: Hawk JLM (ed) Photodermatology. Arnold, London, pp 106–108

    Google Scholar 

  29. Ross G, Foley P, Baker C (2008) Actinic prurigo. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 24:272–275

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Grabczynska SA, McGregor JM, Kondeatis et al (1999) E Actinic prurigo and polymorphic light eruption: common pathogenesis and the importance of HLA-DR4/DRB1*0407. Br J Dermatol 140:232–236

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Norris PG, Hawk JLM (1999) The idiopathic photodermatoses: polymorphic light eruption, actinic prurigo and hydroa vacciniforme. In: Hawk JLM (ed) Photodermatology. Arnold, London, pp 108–109

    Google Scholar 

  32. Thomas P, Amblard P (1988) Lucite idiopathiques in Photodermatologie et Phototherapie, Paris, Masson, 49–53

    Google Scholar 

  33. Guarrera M, Cardo P, Rebora AE et al (2011) Polymorphous light eruption and benign summer light eruption in Italy. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 27:35–39

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Leroy D, Dompmartin A, Verneuil L et al (2002) La lucite estivale bénigne existe-t-elle? Ann Dermatol Venereol 129:855–858

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hawk J (2004) Benign summer light eruption and polymorphic light eruption: genetic and functional studies suggest that a revised nomenclature is required. J Cosmet Dermatol 3:173–175

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Farmer ER, Hood AF (2000) Pathology of the skin, 2nd edn. McGraw Hill, New York, p 331

    Google Scholar 

  37. Pincus LB, LeBoit PE, Goddard DS et al (2010) Marked papillary dermal edema–an unreliable discriminator between polymorphous light eruption and lupus erythematosus or dermatomyositis. J Cutan Pathol 37:416–425

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Calzavara Pinton PG, Venturini M, Capezzera R, Zane C, Facchetti F (2003) Photosensitive erythema multiforme and erythema multiforme-like polymorphous light eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 19:157–159

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Tzaneva S, Voltc-Platzer B, Kittler H et al (2008) Antinuclear antibodies in patients with polymorphic light eruption: a long-term follow-up study. Br J Dermatol 158:1050–1054

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Cahn M, Levy EJ, Shaffer B (1963) Polymorphous light eruption. A ten-year follow-up and evaluation. Arch Dermatol 88:756–758

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Jansén CT, Karvonen J (1984) Polymorphous light eruption. A seven-year follow-up evaluation of 114 patients. Arch Dermatol 120:862–865

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Mastalier U, Kerl H, Wolf P et al (1998) Clinical, laboratory, phototest and phototherapy findings in polymorphic light eruptions: a retrospective study of 133 patients. Eur J Dermatol 8:554–559

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Murphy GM, Hauk JL (1991) The prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in patients with apparent polymorphic light eruption. Br J Dermatol 125:448–451

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Nyberg F, Hasan T, Puska P et al (1997) Occurrence of polymorphous light eruption in lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 136:217–221

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Arbuckle MR, McClain MT, Rubertone MV et al (2003) Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 349:1526–1533

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Millard TP, Lewis CM, Khamashta MA et al (2001) Familial clustering of polymorphic light eruption in relatives of patients with lupus erythematosus: evidence of a shared pathogenesis. Br J Dermatol 144:334–338

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Epstein S (1942) studies in abnormal human sensitivity to light. IV. Photoallergic concept of prurigo aestivalis. J Invest Dermatol 5:289–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Wolf P, Byrne SN, Gruber-Wackernagel A (2009) New insights into the mechanisms of polymorphic light eruption: resistance to ultraviolet radiation-induced immune suppression as an aetiological factor. Exp Dermatol 18:350–356

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. van de Pas CB, Kelly DA et al (2004) Ultraviolet-radiation-induced erythema and suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses in patients with polymorphic light eruption. J Invest Dermatol 122:295–299

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Kölgen W, van Meurs M, Jongsma M et al (2004) Differential expression of cytokines in UV-B-exposed skin of patients with polymorphous light eruption: correlation with Langerhans cell migration and immunosuppression. Arch Dermatol 140:295–302

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Damian DL, Patterson CR et al (2008) UV radiation-induced immunosuppression is greater in men and prevented by topical nicotinamide. J Invest Dermatol 128:447–454

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Aubin F (2004) Why is polymorphous light eruption so common in young women? Arch Dermatol Res 296:240–241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Widyarini S, Domanski D et al (2006) Estrogen receptor signaling protects against immune suppression by UV radiation exposure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:12837–12842

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Boonstra H, Boer J (1989) Polymorphic light eruption induced by oral contraceptives and pregnancy? Photo-Dermatol 6:56–57

    Google Scholar 

  55. Millard TP, Bataille V, Snieder H et al (2000) The heritability of polymorphic light eruption. J Invest Dermatol 115:467–470

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. McGregor JM, Grabczynska S, Vaughan R et al (2000) Genetic modeling of abnormal photosensitivity in families with polymorphic light eruption and actinic prurigo. J Invest Dermatol 115:471–476

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Millard TP, Fryer AA, McGregor JM (2008) A protective effect of glutathione-AS-transferas GSTP1*Val 105 against polymorphic light eruption. J Invest Dermatol 128:1901–1905

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Zirbs M, Pϋmer C, Buters JTM et al (2013) GSTM1,GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphism in polymorphous light eruption. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 27:157–162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. McFadden JP, Norris PG, Cerio R et al (1994) Heat shock protein 65 immunoreactivity in experimentally induced polymorphic light eruption. Acta Derm Venereol 74:283–285

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Guarrera M, Ferrari P, Rebora A (1998) Catalase in the stratum corneum of patients with polymorphic light eruption. Acta Derm Venereol 78:335–336

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Briganti S, Cristaudo A (1998) Guarrera M et al Alteration of systemic antioxidant levels is correlated with the manifestation of polymorphohic light eruption? Exp Dermatol 7:423

    Google Scholar 

  62. Guarrera M, Rebora A (2007) Serum antioxidant capacity in polymorphic light eruption. Acta Derm Venereol 87:228–230

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Giardini R, Cardo PP (2008) Decreased hydrosoluble antioxidant capacity in women: comment on the paper by Guarrera & Rebora on polymorphic light eruption. Acta Derm Venereol 88:204

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Gruber-Wackernagel A, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Byrne SN et al (2012) Patients with polymorphic light eruption have decreased serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 that increase upon 311 nm UVB photohardening. Photochem Photobiol Sci 11:1831–1836

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Reid SM, Robinson M, Kerr AC et al (2012) Prevalence and predictors of low vitamin D status in patients referred to a tertiary photodiagnostic service: a retrospective study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 28:91–96

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Cantorna MT (2000) Vitamin D and autoimmunity: is vitamin D status an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence? Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 223:230–233

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Boonstra HE, van Weelden H, Toonstra J et al (2000) Polymorphous light eruption: A clinical, photobiologic, and follow-up study of 110 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 42:199–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Guarrera M, Micalizzi C, Rebora A (1993) Heterogeneity of polymorphous light eruption: a study of 105 patients. Arch Dermatol 129:1060–1061

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Hölzle E, Plewig G, Hofmann C et al (1982) Polymorphous light eruption. Experimental reproduction of skin lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol 7:111–125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Leroy D, Dompmartin A, Verneuil L et al (2002) La sensibilité du phototest polychromatique supérieure à celle du phototest UVA dans les lucites. Ann Dermatol Venereol 129:860–864

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Salomon N, Messer G, Dick D et al (1997) Phototesting for polymorphic light eruption [ PLE] with consecutive UVA1/UVB-irradiation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 13:72–74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Das S, Lloyd JJ, Walshaw D et al (2004) Provocation testing in polymorphic light eruption using fluorescent ultraviolet [ UV] A and UVB lamps. Br J Dermatol 151:1066–1070

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Schmutz JL, Trechot P (2011) Polymorphous light eruption caused by ultraviolet C light. Ann Dermatol Venereol 138:639

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Majoie IM, van Weelden H, Sybesma IM et al (2010) Polymorphous light eruption-like skin lesions in welders caused by ultraviolet C light. J Am Acad Dermatol 62:150–151

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Gudmundsen KJ, Murphy GM, O’Sullivan D et al (1991) Polymorphic light eruption with contact and photocontact allergy. Br J Dermatol 124:79–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Matekovits A, Dalamaga M, Stratigos A et al (2016) Polymorphous light eruption under the Mediterranean sun: a clinico-epidemiological and photobiological study. Eur J Dermatol 26:304–306

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Lembo S, Fallon J, O’Kelly P et al (2008) Polymorphic light eruption and skin cancer prevalence: is one protective against the other? Br J Dermatol 159:1342–1347

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Ferguson J (2003) Diagnosis and treatment of the common idiopathic photodermatoses. Aust J Dermatol 44:90–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Richards HL, Ling TC, Evangelou G et al (2007) Psychologic distress in polymorphous light eruption and its relationship to patients’ beliefs about their condition. J Am Acad Dermatol 56:426–431

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Ling TC, Richards HL, Janssens AS et al (2006) Seasonal and latitudinal impact of polymorphic light eruption on quality of life. J Invest Dermatol 126:1648–1651

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Richards HL, Ling TC, Evangelou G et al (2008) Evidence of high levels of anxiety and depression in polymorphic light eruption and their association with clinical and demographic variables. Br J Dermatol 159:439–444

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Bissonnette R, Nigen S, Bolduc C (2012) Influence of the quantity of sunscreen applied on the ability to protect against ultraviolet-induced polymorphous light eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 28:240–243

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Buenger J, Driller H (2004) Ectoin: an effective natural substance to prevent UVA-induced premature photoaging. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 17:232–237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Swanbeck G, Wennersten G (1972) Treatment of polymorphous light eruptions with beta-carotene. Acta Derm Venereol 52:462–466

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Neumann R, Rappold E, Pohl-Markl H (1986) Treatment of polymorphous light eruption with nicotinamide: a pilot study. Br J Dermatol 115:77–80

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Corbett MF, Hawk JL, Herxheimer A, Magnus I (1982) A Controlled therapeutic trials in polymorphic light eruption. Br J Dermatol 107:571–581

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Ortel B, Wechdorn D, Tanew A, Hönigsmann H (1988) Effect of nicotinamide on the phototest reaction in polymorphous light eruption. Br J Dermatol 118:669–673

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Del Rosso JQ (2016) Use of Polypodium leucotomas Extract in Clinical Practice: A Primer for the Clinician. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 9:37–42

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  89. Winkelmann RR, Del Rosso J, Rigel DS (2015) Polypodium leucotomos extract: a status report on clinical efficacy and safety. J Drugs Dermatol 14:254–261

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Tanew A, Radakovic S, Gonzalez S et al (2012) Oral administration of a hydrophilic extract of Polypodium leucotomos for the prevention of polymorphic light eruption. J Am Acad Dermatol 66:58–62

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Stern RS, Nichols KT, Väkevä LH (1997) Malignant melanoma in patients treated for psoriasis with methoxsalen [ psoralen] and ultraviolet A radiation [ PUVA]. The PUVA Follow-Up Study. N Engl J Med 336:1041–1045

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Horkay I, Bodolay E, Kósa A (1986) Immunological aspects of prophylactic UVB and PUVA therapy in polymorphic light eruption. Photo-Dermatology 3:47–49

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Murphy GM, Logan RA, Lovell CR et al (1987) Prophylactic PUVA and UVB therapy in polymorphic light eruption–a controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 116:531–538

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Rücker BU, Häberle M, Koch HU et al (1991) Ultraviolet light hardening in polymorphous light eruption – a controlled study comparing different emission spectra. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 8:73–78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Naleway AL (2002) Polymorphous light eruption. Int J Derm 41:377–383

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Santoro FA, Lim HV (2011) Update on photodermatoses. Semin Cutan Med Surg 30:229–238

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Bilsland D, George SA, Gibbs NK, Aitchison T, Johnson BE, Ferguson JA (1993) Comparison of narrow band phototherapy [ TL-01] and photochemotherapy [ PUVA] in the management of polymorphic light eruption. Br J Dermatol 129:708–712

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Janssens AS, Pavel S, Out-Luiting JJ et al (2005) Normalized ultraviolet [ UV] induction of Langerhans cell depletion and neutrophil infiltrates after artificial UVB hardening of patients with polymorphic light eruption. Br J Dermatol 152:1268–1273

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Patel DC, Bellaney GJ, Seed PT, McGregor JM, Hawk JL (2000) Efficacy of short-course oral prednisolone in polymorphic light eruption: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 143:828–831

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Murphy GM, Hawk JL, Magnus IA (1987) Hydroxychloroquine in polymorphic light eruption: a controlled trial with drug and visual sensitivity monitoring. Br J Dermatol 116:379–386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Norris PG, Hawk JL (1989) Successful treatment of severe polymorphous light eruption with azathioprine. Arch Dermatol 125:1377–1379

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Shipley DR, Hewitt JB (2001) Polymorphic light eruption treated with cyclosporin. Br J Dermatol 144:446–447

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Lasa O, Trebol I, Gardeazabal J, Diaz-Perez JL (2004 Nov) Prophylactic short-term use of cyclosporin in refractory polymorphic light eruption. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 18(6):747–748

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Ling TC, Gibbs NK, Rhodes LE (2003) Treatment of polymorphic light eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 19:217–227

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Marcella Guarrera

Authors
  1. Marcella Guarrera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcella Guarrera .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom

    Shamim I. Ahmad

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Guarrera, M. (2017). Polymorphous Light Eruption. In: Ahmad, S. (eds) Ultraviolet Light in Human Health, Diseases and Environment. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 996. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation