Nutrition in Brain Aging: Its Relevance to Age-Associated Neurodegeneration

Maruyama, Wakako; Shamoto-Nagai, Masayo; Naoi, Makoto

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_20-1

Wakako Maruyama⁶,
Masayo Shamoto-Nagai⁶ &
Makoto Naoi⁶

24 Accesses

Abstract

In the modern society, the number of the aged population having dementia and disablement is rapidly increasing, which induces medical, social, and financial problems in the developed country. The prevalence of Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases increases according to aging, indicating that brain aging is the most potent risk factor of these neurodegeneration. The molecular mechanism of aging is still an enigma. Heterogeneous and complexed factors such as accumulated oxidative stress, impaired proteolysis system, mitochondrial dysfunction, and gene mutation have been proposed. Calorie restriction (CR) can prolong the lifespan of various animals, suggesting that nutrient sensing pathways regulate the aging process. Several natural compounds called CR mimics, like metformin, rapamycin, and plant food–derived phytochemicals, were found to target the multiple intracellular signal transduction systems and delay the aging phenotypes in the animal and cellular models. However, at present clinical intervention trials have failed to show their effectiveness. Recent epidemiological studies and clinical trials suggest that lifestyle including diet, exercise, and sleep affects the risk or progression of brain aging. Especially, Mediterranean diet and low-carbohydrate diet have shown to ameliorate cognitive decline and reduce the incidence of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. This review presents the vital role of oxidative stress, possible clinical markers, and beneficial dietary habits in aging and age-related neurodegeneration. Future strategy to intervene the brain aging by nutrition in human is discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicting financial interests in relation to the work described.

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This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 18 K07430 (W.M).

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Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Nissin, Aichi, Japan
Wakako Maruyama, Masayo Shamoto-Nagai & Makoto Naoi

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Wakako Maruyama
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Masayo Shamoto-Nagai
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Makoto Naoi
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Correspondence to Wakako Maruyama .

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Dept Psychiatry , Psychosomatics & Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Medical School Clinical Neurochemistry, Würzburg, Germany
Peter Riederer
Inst für Psychologische Medizin, Haag, Bayern, Germany
Gerd Laux
Fujita Health University School Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
Toshiharu Nagatsu
Center Translational Res Neurol Diseases, Dalian Med Uni Shanghai Inst Health Sc Center Translational Res Neurol Diseases, Dalian, China
Weidong Le
Würzburg, Bayern, Germany
Christian Riederer

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Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Peter Riederer

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Maruyama, W., Shamoto-Nagai, M., Naoi, M. (2022). Nutrition in Brain Aging: Its Relevance to Age-Associated Neurodegeneration. In: Riederer, P., Laux, G., Nagatsu, T., Le, W., Riederer, C. (eds) NeuroPsychopharmacotherapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_20-1

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_20-1
Received: 29 November 2021
Accepted: 30 November 2021
Published: 08 February 2022
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-56015-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-56015-1
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