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Dissemination of Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas: Tools and Molecular Insights

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Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas in Adults

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Abstract

Diffuse low grade diffuse gliomas (DLGGs), which represent approximately 15% of gliomas, are slow-growing tumors (3–4 mm of mean diameter per year) comprising oligodendrogliomas (OG) and astrocytoma (AG). These gliomas are clinically very heterogeneous and their prognosis somewhat unpredictable, making difficult definition of appropriate treatment. Although initially silent, diffuse low-grade gliomas progress into a more aggressive pathology, ultimately causing death of the patient. Their diffusive nature makes them difficult to fully remove by the surgical approach. Understanding the molecular pathways underlying DLGG dissemination would open new lines of treatments aiming at limiting their spread throughout the brain. However, the rare occurrence of these tumors, the difficulties in growing them in culture, and the quasi-absence of DLGG derived cell lines have definitely impeded the progress of knowledge on this topic. This explains the very few data available today on DLGG invasion and calls for more efforts from the scientific community to tackle this complex challenge. Here we present the in vitro/in vivo models and tools for studying DLGG migration and discuss the influence of location, genetics and molecular components driving their dissemination. We also consider data obtained on the migration of normal oligodendrocyte precursor cells as a possible source for guiding our understanding of glioma cell dissemination. Finally, we point out important issues to address in order to move forward on this topic.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34000, Montpellier, France

    Nicolas Leventoux

  2. Team “Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors”, INSERM U1051, Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091, Montpellier, France

    Nicolas Leventoux, Zahra Hassani & Jean-Philippe Hugnot

  3. University of Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France

    Jean-Philippe Hugnot

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  1. Nicolas Leventoux
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  2. Zahra Hassani
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  3. Jean-Philippe Hugnot
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Correspondence to Jean-Philippe Hugnot .

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  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Medical Center, INSERM U1051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France

    Hugues Duffau

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Leventoux, N., Hassani, Z., Hugnot, JP. (2017). Dissemination of Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas: Tools and Molecular Insights. In: Duffau, H. (eds) Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas in Adults. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55466-2_7

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