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Extremophilic Lipases

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Extremophilic Enzymatic Processing of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks to Bioenergy

Abstract

Lipases, or triacylglycerol ester hydrolases (E.C. 3.1.1.3), are one of the most important classes of biocatalysts. Their versatility allows them to be used in various applications, such as organic and fine chemical synthesis, and the production of biofuels, food, beverages, and cleaning products. Several industrial processes are carried out under specific conditions that may be too hostile to allow biocatalysis with known mesophilic enzymes, such that new and more stable enzymes are still required to better fulfill the different industrial requirements. Extremophilic organisms—organisms that inhabit harsh environments—have certain adaptations in their enzymatic machinery that enable them to support extreme conditions. These organisms have yielded enzymes with attractive features, such as greater specific activity in lower or higher temperatures, different optimal pH ranges, and a high tolerance to salt concentrations. This chapter provides a review of the evolution of scientific publications on extremophilic lipases (e.g. thermophilic, alkaliphilic, psychrophilic, halophilic, and acidophilic lipases), as well as a review of the structural characteristics of these biocatalysts, some molecular reasons to explain their stability in such diverse and extreme conditions, and a few examples of their industrial applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular e Proteínas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, sala 541, Cidade Universitária, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Marcelo Victor Holanda Moura, Rafael Alves de Andrade, Leticia Dobler, Karina de Godoy Daiha, Gabriela Coelho Brêda & Rodrigo Volcan Almeida

  2. Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural de Proteínas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Rafael Alves de Andrade & Cristiane Dinis AnoBom

Authors
  1. Marcelo Victor Holanda Moura
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  2. Rafael Alves de Andrade
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  3. Leticia Dobler
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  4. Karina de Godoy Daiha
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  5. Gabriela Coelho Brêda
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  6. Cristiane Dinis AnoBom
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  7. Rodrigo Volcan Almeida
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rodrigo Volcan Almeida .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA

    Rajesh K. Sani

  2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota, USA

    R. Navanietha Krishnaraj

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Moura, M.V.H. et al. (2017). Extremophilic Lipases. In: Sani, R., Krishnaraj, R. (eds) Extremophilic Enzymatic Processing of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks to Bioenergy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54684-1_13

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