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Arenaviruses and Hemorrhagic Fevers: From Virus Discovery to Molecular Biology, Therapeutics, and Prevention in Latin America

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Human Virology in Latin America

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Abstract

Arenaviruses are enveloped viruses that have a bi-segmented negative-stranded RNA genome. The genomic RNA segments, large (L) and small (S), use an ambisense coding strategy to encode two open reading frames in opposite orientation, separated by a noncoding intergenic region. Several arenaviruses are etiological agents of emerging diseases. At present, they are responsible for up to 500,000 zoonotic infections per year in endemic areas of Africa and South America and can lead to severe and lethal hemorrhagic fever as well as neurological symptoms. Arenaviridae represents the largest group of hemorrhagic fever (HF)-causing viruses: five of the South American arenaviruses (CHPV, GTOV, JUNV, MACV, and SABV) are associated with HF in humans.

The only locally licensed vaccine available is based on a live attenuated virus to prevent Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF). Immune therapy has been implemented to reduce AHF mortality rate significantly, and studies on small synthetic and natural chemicals have met variable success as antiviral agents. Rapid diagnosis and early treatment are essential to this end. In this chapter we review studies on virus discovery, molecular and cell biology of infection, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment totally or partially conducted by Latin American scientists and medical personnel.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM, UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Víctor Romanowski & Matías L. Pidre

  2. Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular, Área de Virosis Emergentes y Zoonóticas (IMBA, LIGBCM-AVEZ), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología (DCyT), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Mario E. Lozano & Sandra E. Goñi

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  1. Víctor Romanowski
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  2. Matías L. Pidre
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Correspondence to Víctor Romanowski .

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  1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Center for Research and Advances Studies, Mexico City, Mexico

    Juan Ernesto Ludert

  2. Centro de Microbiologia y Biologia Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela

    Flor H. Pujol

  3. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Juan Arbiza

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Romanowski, V., Pidre, M.L., Lozano, M.E., Goñi, S.E. (2017). Arenaviruses and Hemorrhagic Fevers: From Virus Discovery to Molecular Biology, Therapeutics, and Prevention in Latin America. In: Ludert, J., Pujol, F., Arbiza, J. (eds) Human Virology in Latin America. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54567-7_10

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