Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Orientation and Mobility Training to People with Visual Impairments

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Mobility of Visually Impaired People

Abstract

The goal of orientation and mobility training is to prepare people with visual impairment to travel in a variety of environments, both familiar and unfamiliar, and to increase the skills of moving in the environment in a safe and efficient way. The chapter describes the training of visually impaired persons in orientation and mobility, and the specific mobility challenges of visually impaired people. The strategies and techniques, used to improve orientation and mobility are described in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Barraga NC, Morris JE (1980) Program to develop efficiency in visual functioning. Sourcebook on low vision. American Printing House, Louisville

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bentzen BL, Martin JR (2010) Teaching the use of orientation aids for orientation and mobility. In: Foundations for orientation and mobility. AFB, New York

    Google Scholar 

  3. Blasch BB, Long RG, Griffin-Shirly N (1989) Results of a national survey of electronic travel aid use. J Vis Impair Blindness 83

    Google Scholar 

  4. Blasch BB, Wiener WR, Welshe RL (1997) Foundations of orientation and mobility, 2nd edn. AFB Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  5. Campbell AJ, Roberston MC, LaGrow SJ et al (2005) Randomized controlled trial of prevention of falls in people aged >75 with severe visual impairment: the VIP trial. BMJ 331:817–820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Cruess A, Zlateva G, Xu X, Rochon S (2007): Burden of illness of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Canada. Can J Ophthalmol 42

    Google Scholar 

  7. Farmer LW (1980) Mobility devices. In: Welsh RL, Blasch BB (eds) Foundations of orientation and mobility. American Foundation for the Blind, New York, pp 357–412

    Google Scholar 

  8. Genensky SM (1976) Acuity measurements—do they indicate how well a partially sighted person functions or could function? Am J Optom Physiol Opt 53

    Google Scholar 

  9. Geruschat DR, Smith AJ (2010) Improving the use of low vision for orientation and mobility. In: Foundation of orientation and mobility. AFB II, New York

    Google Scholar 

  10. Geruschat DR, Smith AJ (2010) Low vision for orientation and mobility. In: Foundation of orientation and mobility. AFB I, New York

    Google Scholar 

  11. Glen FC, Crabb DP (2015) Living with glaucoma: a qualitative study of functional implications and patients’ coping behaviours”. BMC Ophthalmol 15:128

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hersh MA, Johnson MA (2008) Assistive technology for visually impaired and blind people, 1st edn. Springer, Glasgow

    Book  Google Scholar 

  13. Hill E, Ponder P (1976) Orientation and mobility: techniques. American Foundation for the Blind, New York Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hwang AD, Peli E (2014) Augmented edge enhancement for vision impairment using google glass. SID Symp Digest Tech Pap 45:305–307. doi:10.1002/j.2168-0159.2014.tb00082.x

  15. Jacobson WH (1993) The art and science of teaching orientation and mobility to persons with visual impairements. AFB Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  16. Khan SA (2007) Low vision rehabilitation and diabetic retinopathy. Saudi J Ophthalmol 21

    Google Scholar 

  17. Klein R, Chou C-F, Klein BEK, Zhang X, Meuer SM, Saaddine JB (2011) Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the US population. Arch Ophthalmol 129

    Google Scholar 

  18. LaGrow SJ, Weessies M (1994) Orientation and mobility: techniques for independence. Dunmore Press, Palmerston North

    Google Scholar 

  19. Long RG, Giudice NA (2010) Establishing and maintaining orientation for mobility. In: Foundations for orientation and mobility. AFB, New York

    Google Scholar 

  20. Long RG, Reiser JJ, Hill EW (1990) Mobility in individuals with moderated visual impairment. J Vis Impair Blindness 84(3)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Loomis JM, Klatzky RI, Golledge RG, Philbeck JW (1999) Human navigation by path integration. In: Golledge R (ed) wayfinding behavior: cognitive mapping and other spatial processes. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  22. Luo G, Peli E (2006) Use of an augmented-vision device for visual search by patients with tunnel vision. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47(9)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Millar S (1994) Understanding and representing space. Theory and evidence from studies with blind and sighted children. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Book  Google Scholar 

  24. Montarzino A, Robertson B, Aspinall P, Ambrecht A, Findlay C, Hine J, Dhillon B (2007) The impact of mobility and public transport on the independence of vision impaired people. Vis Impair Res 9

    Google Scholar 

  25. Pavey S, Dodgson A, Douglas G, Clements B (2009) Travel, transport, and mobility of people who are blind and partially sighted in the UK. Royal National Institute of Blind People

    Google Scholar 

  26. Penrod W, Bauder D, Simmons T, Brostek LD (2009) A comparison of selected secondary electronic travel aids with a primary mobility system. Int J Orient Mob 2(1)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Penrod WM, Smith DL, Haneline R, Corbett MP (2010) Teaching the use of electronic travel aids and electronic orientation aids. In: Foundations for orientation and mobility, vol II. AFB, New York, pp 470–475

    Google Scholar 

  28. Sengupta S et al (2015) Evaluation of real-world mobility in age-related macular degeneration, BMC Ophthalmol 15:9 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2415/15/9

  29. Smith AJ, De l’Aune W, Geruschat DR (1992) Low vision mobility problems: perceptions of O&M specialists and persons with low vision. J Vis Impair Blindness 86(1)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Smith DL, Penrod WM (2010) Adaptive technology for orientation and mobility. In: Foundations for orientation and mobility, vol I. AFB, New York, pp 241–276

    Google Scholar 

  31. Soubrane G, Cruess A, Lotery A, Pauleikhoff D, Monès J, Xu X, Zlateva G, Buggage R, Conlon J, Goss TF (2007): Burden and health care resource utilization in neovascularage-related macular degeneration: findings of a multicountry study. Arch Ophthalmol 125:1249–1254

    Google Scholar 

  32. Suterko S (1967) Long cane training: its advantages and problems. In: Proceedings of the conference for mobility trainers and technologists, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  33. Szabo SM, Janssen PA, Khan K, Lord SR, Potter MJ (2010): Neovascular AMD: an overlooked risk factor for injurious falls. Osteoporos Int 21

    Google Scholar 

  34. Thinus-Blanc C, Gaunet F (1997) Representation of space in blind persons: vision as a spatial sense? Psychol Bull 121(1):20–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Turano KA, Geruschat DR, Massof RW, Stahl JW (1999) Perceived visual ability for independent mobility in persons with retinitis pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40(5):865–877

    Google Scholar 

  36. Turner A (1998) Mobility Skills. In: Turner A, Foster M, Johnson SE (eds) Occupational therapy and physical dysfunction: principles, skills and practices, 4th edn. Churchill Livingstone, London, pp 225–282

    Google Scholar 

  37. Warren D (1977) blindness and early childhood development. Am Foundation for the Blind, New York

    Google Scholar 

  38. Warren D, Anooshian L, Bullinger J (1973) Early versus late blindness: the role of early vision in spatial behavior. Am Found Blind Recherche Bull 28:191–218

    Google Scholar 

  39. Warren D, Kocon JA (1974) Factors in the successful mobility of the blind. Am Found Blind Recherche Bull 28:191–218

    Google Scholar 

  40. Welsh RL, Blasch BB (1987) Foundation of orientation and mobility. American Foundation for the Blind, New York

    Google Scholar 

  41. WHO (1992) International statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death: tenth revision. WHO, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  42. Wiener WR, Siffermann E (2010) The history and progression of the profession of orientation and mobility. In: Foundation of orientation and mobility. AFB, New York. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/fr/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Low Vision Departement, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Mira Goldschmidt

Authors
  1. Mira Goldschmidt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mira Goldschmidt .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France

    Edwige Pissaloux

  2. Universidad Panamericana, Aguascalientes, Mexico

    Ramiro Velazquez

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Goldschmidt, M. (2018). Orientation and Mobility Training to People with Visual Impairments. In: Pissaloux, E., Velazquez, R. (eds) Mobility of Visually Impaired People. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54446-5_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54446-5_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54444-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54446-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation